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Does Decreased Vitamin D Level Trigger Bipolar Manic Attacks?
Okan İmre1, Mustafa Karaağaç2, Cuneyt Caglayan3
1Department of Psychiatry, Faculty of Medicine, Karamanoglu Mehmetbey University, Karaman 70200, Turkey.
Behavioral Sciences (Basel, Switzerland)
|September 27, 2023
Summary
Patients with bipolar disorder in a manic episode have lower vitamin D (Vit D) levels compared to healthy individuals. Vit D levels normalize during remission, suggesting a potential role in mania.
Area of Science:
- Psychiatry
- Endocrinology
- Nutritional Neuroscience
Background:
- Bipolar disorder is a chronic condition causing significant disability, with suboptimal treatment responses in some patients.
- The link between vitamin D (Vit D) and mood disorders is gaining attention, particularly its association with depression.
- The relationship between Vit D and manic episodes in bipolar disorder remains less understood.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate serum vitamin D (Vit D) and metabolite levels in patients experiencing acute manic episodes of bipolar disorder.
- To compare Vit D levels during manic episodes and euthymic periods in bipolar disorder patients against healthy controls.
- To explore the potential role of Vit D in the pathophysiology of bipolar mania.
Main Methods:
- A case-control study involving 34 bipolar manic episode patients and 34 healthy controls.
- Assessment of disease activity using the Hamilton Depression Rating Scale (HAM-D) and Young Mania Rating Scale (YMRS).
- Measurement of serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD), calcium (Ca), and phosphorus (P) levels during manic and euthymic phases.
Main Results:
- Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D (25-OHD) levels were significantly lower in bipolar patients during acute manic episodes compared to healthy controls.
- No significant differences were observed in calcium (Ca) and phosphorus (P) levels between manic patients and controls.
- Serum 25-OHD, Ca, and P levels did not differ between bipolar patients in remission (euthymic period) and healthy controls.
Conclusions:
- Acute manic episodes in bipolar disorder are associated with low serum vitamin D (Vit D) concentrations.
- The findings suggest that Vit D deficiency may contribute to the onset of manic episodes, or result from factors like malnutrition or reduced sunlight exposure during mania.
- Further research is warranted to clarify confounding factors and examine Vit D across all mood states in bipolar disorder.
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