Success of Xenografts in Alveolar Ridge Preservation Based on Histomorphometric Outcomes

Area of Science:

• Biomaterials Science
• Dental Implantology
• Regenerative Medicine

Background:

• Alveolar ridge preservation (ARP) is crucial after tooth extraction to maintain bone volume.
• Xenografts are commonly used biomaterials in ARP, but their comparative efficacy requires evaluation.
• Histomorphometric outcomes are key indicators for assessing the success of ARP procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

• To systematically review and compare the histomorphometric outcomes of different xenograft biomaterials used in alveolar ridge preservation.
• To evaluate the efficacy of bovine-derived versus porcine-derived xenografts in promoting new bone formation.
• To provide evidence-based insights into the selection of xenografts for ARP.

Main Methods:

• A systematic literature search was conducted across major databases (Ovid, Google Scholar, Wiley) and grey literature.
• Inclusion criteria focused on randomized controlled trials of xenografts for ARP in humans (2010-2022).
• Histomorphometric parameters, including new bone percentage (N.B%) and residual graft percentage (R.G%), were analyzed.

Main Results:

• Eighteen studies met the eligibility criteria, primarily involving bovine and porcine xenografts.
• Mean N.B% was 33.46% for bovine and 39.63% for porcine xenografts.
• Mean R.G% was 19.40% for bovine and 18.63% for porcine xenografts.

Conclusions:

• Both bovine and porcine xenografts are effective biomaterials for alveolar ridge preservation.
• Porcine xenografts demonstrated a trend towards higher new bone formation compared to bovine xenografts.
• Further research may elucidate optimal applications for each xenograft type in ARP procedures.