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Microphysiological Modeling of Gingival Tissues and Host-Material Interactions Using Gingiva-on-Chip.

Giridharan Muniraj1, Rachel Hui Shuen Tan2, Yichen Dai1

  • 1Faculty of Dentistry, National University of Singapore, Singapore, 119085, Singapore.

Advanced Healthcare Materials
|September 27, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Researchers developed a gingiva-on-chip model to study oral mucosal barrier function and test oral care products. This advanced microphysiological system accurately mimics healthy and ulcerated gingival tissues for better research.

Keywords:
biocompatibilitydrug permeationgingivamicrofluidicsorgan-on-a-chipperiodontal disease

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Area of Science:

  • Biomaterials Science
  • Tissue Engineering
  • Microfluidics

Background:

  • The gingiva serves as a critical barrier against oral microbiome and external agents.
  • Existing in vitro models often fail to replicate the complex gingival microenvironment and its barrier functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop an advanced in vitro microphysiological platform for biofabricating human gingival equivalents.
  • To model both healthy and diseased (ulcerated) gingival states.
  • To assess host-material interactions and the effects of oral care formulations under physiological flow conditions.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a vertically stacked microfluidic device for long-term air-liquid interface culture of gingival equivalents.
  • Dynamic culture conditions to promote epithelial morphogenesis and barrier integrity.
  • Modeling of diseased states and emulation of mouth rinsing actions using apical flow.

Main Results:

  • Dynamic cultures on-chip yielded gingival equivalents with enhanced mucosal matrix stability, epithelial morphogenesis, and barrier features compared to static cultures.
  • The system successfully modeled gingival/oral mucosal ulcers, demonstrating disrupted barrier function.
  • Simulated mouth rinsing revealed increased tissue disruption and cytotoxicity in gingiva-on-chip models, indicating a more realistic assessment of mucosal irritation potential.

Conclusions:

  • The developed gingiva-on-chip system enables the biofabrication of human gingival equivalents in both healthy and ulcerated states.
  • This microphysiological platform offers a miniaturized and integrated approach for studying host-material and host-microbiome interactions in oral mucosa research.
  • The system provides a more physiologically relevant method for evaluating the safety and efficacy of oral care products.