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Related Concept Videos

Bonding in Metals02:32

Bonding in Metals

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Metallic bonds are formed between two metal atoms. A simplified model to describe metallic bonding has been developed by Paul Drüde called the “Electron Sea Model”. 
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Alkali Metals03:06

Alkali Metals

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Group 1 elements are soft and shiny metallic solids. They are malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity. The melting points of the alkali metals are unusually low for metals and decrease going down the group, while the density increases going down the group with the exception of potassium (Table 1).
Table 1: Properties of the alkali metals
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Metallic Solids02:37

Metallic Solids

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Metallic solids such as crystals of copper, aluminum, and iron are formed by metal atoms. The structure of metallic crystals is often described as a uniform distribution of atomic nuclei within a “sea” of delocalized electrons. The atoms within such a metallic solid are held together by a unique force known as metallic bonding that gives rise to many useful and varied bulk properties.
All metallic solids exhibit high thermal and electrical conductivity, metallic luster, and malleability....
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Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

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The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
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Properties of Transition Metals02:58

Properties of Transition Metals

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Transition metals are defined as those elements that have partially filled d orbitals. As shown in Figure 1, the d-block elements in groups 3–12 are transition elements. The f-block elements, also called inner transition metals (the lanthanides and actinides), also meet this criterion because the d orbital is partially occupied before the f orbitals.
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Atomic Structure01:33

Atomic Structure

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Feb 10, 2026

A Hydrogel Construct and Fibrin-based Glue Approach to Deliver Therapeutics in a Murine Myocardial Infarction Model.
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A Hydrogel Construct and Fibrin-based Glue Approach to Deliver Therapeutics in a Murine Myocardial Infarction Model.

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Essential Metal Based Single-Atom Nanozymes for Myocardial Infarction Therapeutics.

Ziliang Fu1,2, Xiqing Zhao3,4,5, Yixin Zhang1,2

  • 1Ciechanover Institute of Precision and Regenerative Medicine, School of Medicine, The Chinese University of Hong Kong Shenzhen, Shenzhen, Guangdong, P. R. China.

Advanced Healthcare Materials
|February 9, 2026
PubMed
Summary

New single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) effectively scavenge reactive oxygen species and activate natural repair pathways, offering a promising treatment for heart attack damage and preventing heart failure.

Keywords:
myocardial infarctionreactive oxygen speciessingle‐atom nanozymestissue repair

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Nanotechnology
  • Cardiovascular Research

Background:

  • Myocardial infarction causes irreversible heart damage, oxidative stress, and poor blood vessel formation, leading to heart failure.
  • Current treatments like antioxidants and regenerative strategies lack precision and efficacy in addressing these complex issues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a multifunctional single-atom nanozyme (SAzyme) platform for precise, spatiotemporal intervention in myocardial infarction.
  • To investigate the therapeutic potential of SAzymes with atomically dispersed Fe, Cu, or Mn centers on nitrogen-doped carbon frameworks.

Main Methods:

  • Fabrication of single-atom nanozymes (SAzymes) with Fe, Cu, or Mn centers on M-N-C frameworks.
  • In vitro evaluation of SAzyme catalytic activities (SOD, catalase, peroxidase) and ROS scavenging in hypoxia-challenged cardiomyocytes.
  • In vivo assessment of SAzyme efficacy in a rat myocardial infarction model, including functional, histological, and toxicological analyses.
  • Transcriptome analysis to elucidate metal-specific signaling pathways activated by SAzymes.

Main Results:

  • Fe-, Cu-, and Mn-SAzymes demonstrated broad-spectrum ROS scavenging and activated the endogenous NRF2/HO-1 antioxidant pathway.
  • Intramyocardial SAzyme delivery in rats preserved cardiac function, reduced infarct size, enhanced angiogenesis, and decreased inflammation and fibrosis.
  • No systemic toxicity was observed with SAzyme treatment.
  • Transcriptome analysis revealed distinct metal-specific activation of signaling pathways (PI3K-Akt/NF-κB for Fe, AMPK/PPAR for Cu, MAPK/TNF/NF-κB for Mn).

Conclusions:

  • Trace-metal SAzymes offer a versatile and tunable nanomedicine approach for treating ischemic heart disease.
  • The atomic identity of metals in SAzymes dictates specific biological repair pathways, enabling tailored therapeutic strategies.
  • SAzymes represent a promising advancement beyond conventional treatments for myocardial infarction and related heart failure.