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The Past, Present, and Future of Genetically Engineered Mouse Models for Skeletal Biology
Megan N Michalski1, Bart O Williams1,2
1Department of Cell Biology, Van Andel Institute, Grand Rapids, MI 49503, USA.
Biomolecules
|September 28, 2023
Summary
Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) have advanced musculoskeletal biology research. Recent CRISPR/Cas technologies have revolutionized GEMM creation for studying musculoskeletal diseases.
Area of Science:
- Musculoskeletal Biology
- Genetics
- Disease Research
Background:
- Genetically engineered mouse models (GEMMs) have significantly advanced biological understanding.
- Musculoskeletal biology has greatly benefited from GEMM development.
- Previous reviews on GEMMs in musculoskeletal research are outdated or inaccessible.
Purpose of the Study:
- To provide an updated review of GEMMs in musculoskeletal biology.
- To detail the historical development and impact of GEMMs.
- To highlight advancements in tissue-specific gene targeting and CRISPR/Cas technologies.
Main Methods:
- Review of historical literature on GEMM development.
- Focus on tissue-specific (conditional) knockout strategies in musculoskeletal tissues.
- Discussion of the impact of CRISPR/Cas technologies on GEMM generation.
Main Results:
- GEMMs have been pivotal in advancing musculoskeletal biology.
- Conditional knockout technologies have enabled precise investigation of musculoskeletal tissues.
- CRISPR/Cas systems have dramatically accelerated and simplified GEMM creation.
Conclusions:
- GEMMs are indispensable tools for musculoskeletal research.
- Advancements in gene-editing technologies continue to enhance the utility of GEMMs.
- This review provides a contemporary overview of GEMMs for musculoskeletal disease research.
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