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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 19, 2026

Author Spotlight: Innovative Use of nsPEF to Boost Peripheral Nerve Regeneration

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Ultra-Low Intensity Post-Pulse Affects Cellular Responses Caused by Nanosecond Pulsed Electric Fields.

Kamal Asadipour^1,2, Carol Zhou², Vincent Yi³

¹Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA 23529, USA.

Bioengineering (Basel, Switzerland)

|September 28, 2023

Summary

Post-pulse waveforms in nanosecond pulse electric fields (nsPEF) significantly alter cell responses, impacting tumor elimination. Researchers found these low-intensity after-effects, often overlooked, dictate distinct cellular outcomes.

Keywords:

charging current intracellular effects nanosecond pulse post-pulse spare respiratory capacity

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Area of Science:

Biophysics
Cell Biology
Electroporation

Background:

High-intensity nanosecond pulse electric fields (nsPEF) are known for inducing regulated cell death and tumor elimination.
Cellular responses to nsPEF are typically linked to primary pulse characteristics like duration, amplitude, and number.
The influence of low-intensity post-pulse waveforms has been largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the impact of differing post-pulse waveforms on cellular responses to nsPEF.
To compare cellular effects generated by two distinct nsPEF pulse generator designs (Blumlein line and pulse forming line) with similar primary pulses but different post-pulses.

Main Methods:

Utilized Blumlein line (BL) and pulse forming line (PFL) generators producing nsPEF with nearly identical primary pulses (100 ns duration).
Analyzed differences in post-pulse characteristics (duration, polarity) between BL (~50 µs, opposite polarity) and PFL (~2 µs, same polarity).
Assessed cellular responses including mitochondrial membrane potential dissipation, cell viability, plasma membrane permeability (PI uptake), reactive oxygen species generation, spare respiratory capacity (SRC), and trans-plasma membrane electron transport (tPMET).

Main Results:

Different post-pulses led to distinct cellular responses despite similar primary waveforms.
PFL exhibited lower thresholds for mitochondrial potential dissipation, viability loss, and PI permeability compared to BL.
PFL decreased SRC, while BL increased it; PFL uniquely induced a biphasic effect on tPMET.

Conclusions:

Low-intensity post-pulse conditions significantly influence cell responses to nsPEF.
Post-pulse waveform characteristics must be considered when comparing nsPEF studies, even with similar primary pulse parameters.
This finding opens new avenues for optimizing nsPEF applications by controlling post-pulse characteristics.