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Estimation of Cancellous Changes Using Fractal Analysis in Patients with Periodontitis
Sukanya Mishra1, Manoj Kumar1, Lora Mishra2
1Department of Periodontics and Oral Implantology, Institute of Dental Sciences and SUM Hospital, Siksha 'O' Anusandhan University, Bhubaneswar 751003, India.
Biomedicines
|September 28, 2023
Summary
Fractal analysis using digital radiographs quantifies cancellous bone changes in periodontitis. This non-invasive method, fractal dimension (FD), shows decreased FD with increased disease severity, aiding diagnosis.
Area of Science:
- Dentistry
- Radiology
- Biomedical Engineering
Background:
- Periodontal disease involves inflammation affecting the periodontium.
- Current diagnosis lacks methods to quantify cancellous bone changes.
- Fractal analysis offers a non-invasive approach to assess bone quality.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate cancellous bone patterns in periodontitis using fractal dimension (FD).
- To assess interproximal alveolar bone on digital radiographs (IOPARs).
- To provide a numerical criterion for periodontitis staging.
Main Methods:
- Cross-sectional observational study with 75 patients in five groups based on 2017 WWDC staging.
- FD calculated using Image J analysis on IOPARs at sites of maximum clinical attachment loss.
- Statistical analysis included chi-square, Kruskal Wallis, Karl Pearson correlation, and ROC curve analysis.
Main Results:
- FD values significantly decreased with increasing periodontitis stages (p < 0.0001).
- A strong negative correlation (-0.739, p < 0.0001) observed between % bone loss and FD.
- FD proved effective as a marker for periodontitis detection.
Conclusions:
- Fractal dimension is a viable quantitative method for assessing cancellous bone changes in periodontitis.
- FD can aid in the diagnosis and staging of periodontal disease.
- This technique offers a valuable tool for analyzing bone quality non-invasively.
