Bone Remodeling in Osteoarthritis-Biological and Radiological Aspects.

Area of Science:

• Orthopedics
• Rheumatology
• Bone Biology

Background:

• Osteoarthritis (OA) is a prevalent, polymorphous disease affecting the osteochondral unit, historically termed "wear and tear" or "overload arthritis."
• Despite extensive research into its pathophysiology and pathology, the exact cause of OA remains unknown.
• OA is a leading cause of chronic pain and work incapacity globally.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent findings on biological phenomena in bone tissue during osteoarthritis.
• To highlight aspects of osteoarthritis pathophysiology relevant to clinical practice.
• To emphasize the importance of radiological approaches in early OA diagnosis.

Main Methods:

• Literature review of published papers on osteoarthritis over the last century.
• Analysis of in vitro and in vivo research on osteoarthritis pathophysiology.
• Focus on biological phenomena within bone tissue relevant to clinical application.

Main Results:

• Numerous studies have advanced the understanding of osteoarthritis at histological and cellular levels.
• Recent findings offer insights into the biological processes occurring in bone during OA.
• The review consolidates current knowledge on OA bone tissue changes.

Conclusions:

• Understanding bone tissue's role in osteoarthritis is crucial for clinical practice.
• Early diagnosis of osteoarthritis is significantly aided by appropriate radiological assessment.
• Further research into the unknown causes of osteoarthritis is warranted.