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Catalysis

Catalysis

The presence of a catalyst affects the rate of a chemical reaction. A catalyst is a substance that can increase the reaction rate without being consumed during the process. A basic comprehension of a catalysts’ role during chemical reactions can be understood from the concept of reaction mechanisms and energy diagrams.

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Catalytic Hydrogenation

Alkenes undergo reduction by the addition of molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. Because the process generally occurs in the presence of a transition-metal catalyst, the reaction is called catalytic hydrogenation.
Metals like palladium, platinum, and nickel are commonly used in their solid forms — fine powder on an inert surface. As these catalysts remain insoluble in the reaction mixture, they are referred to as heterogeneous catalysts.
The hydrogenation process takes place on the...

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Reduction of Alkenes: Asymmetric Catalytic Hydrogenation

Catalytic hydrogenation of alkenes is a transition-metal catalyzed reduction of the double bond using molecular hydrogen to give alkanes. The mode of hydrogen addition follows syn stereochemistry.
The metal catalyst used can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous. When hydrogenation of an alkene generates a chiral center, a pair of enantiomeric products is expected to form. However, an enantiomeric excess of one of the products can be facilitated using an enantioselective reaction or an...

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Synthesis and Performance Characterizations of Transition Metal Single Atom Catalyst for Electrochemical CO2 Reduction

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Published on: April 10, 2018

Single-Atom Platinum Catalyst for Efficient CO₂ Conversion via Reverse Water Gas Shift Reaction.

Yulian He¹, Dahong Huang²

¹University of Michigan and Shanghai Jiao Tong University Joint Institute, Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai 200240, China.

Molecules (Basel, Switzerland)

|September 28, 2023

Summary

Researchers developed a highly selective single-atom platinum catalyst on silicon carbide (Pt1/SiC) for the reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction, efficiently converting CO2 emissions.

Keywords:

100% selectivity CO2 reduction reverse water gas shift (RWGS)single-atom catalysts (SACs)thermal stability

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Area of Science:

Catalysis
Materials Science
Environmental Chemistry

Background:

Rising carbon dioxide (CO2) emissions from fossil fuels necessitate effective CO2 utilization strategies.
The reverse water gas shift (RWGS) reaction is a promising pathway for CO2 conversion.

Purpose of the Study:

To synthesize and evaluate a single-atom platinum catalyst (Pt1/SiC) for the RWGS reaction.
To investigate the catalytic performance, stability, and activation energy of the Pt1/SiC catalyst.

Main Methods:

A scalable method involving ligand modification and UV photoreduction was used to synthesize Pt1/SiC with up to 6.4 wt% Pt loading.
Catalytic performance was tested at 900 °C with a H2/CO2 feed ratio of 1:1.
Long-term stability tests and activation energy calculations were performed.

Main Results:

The Pt1/SiC catalyst achieved 100% selectivity and 54% CO2 conversion for the RWGS reaction.
Performance significantly surpassed conventional platinum nanoparticle catalysts.
The catalyst demonstrated robust stability and a lower activation energy (61.6 ± 6.4 kJ/mol) compared to Pt nanoparticles (91.6 ± 15.9 kJ/mol).

Conclusions:

Single-atom platinum catalysts on SiC are highly effective for the RWGS reaction.
This study offers insights into utilizing single-atom catalysts (SACs) for CO2 conversion and other industrial catalytic processes.