Is It Time for Treatment as Prevention of Chronic Hepatitis B?

Hepatitis B is a major global health problem with high morbidity and mortality. Approximately 296 million people are living with chronic HBV, and 1.5 million new infections are detected each year, even though a highly effective vaccine has been available for decades and viral replication and transmission can be contained with the use of drugs. Nucleoside therapy, while not curative in most cases, can control viral replication, improve prognosis, and prevent mother-to-child transmission safely. Current treatment guidelines do not include a significant number of chronically infected patients or pregnant women and are often complex to implement. Since these populations continue to have a detectable HVB viral load, they could perpetuate transmission. Expanding and facilitating treatment indications, including treatment as a public health intervention, could help control the spread of the HBV pandemic, thus bringing us closer to the goal of the United Nations General Assembly for the year 2030.