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Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Imaging and Analysis for Quantifying Maize (Zea mays) Abiotic Stress Phenotypes
Published on: March 28, 2025
Maize Production under Drought Stress: Nutrient Supply, Yield Prediction
Adrienn Széles1, Éva Horváth1, Károly Simon1
1Institute of Land Use, Engineering and Precision Farming Technology, Faculty of Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, University of Debrecen, Böszörményi Str. 138, H-4032 Debrecen, Hungary.
Accurate maize yield forecasting is crucial. This study found that relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) and leaf area index (LAI) effectively predict maize yield, especially at the VT stage, even under drought stress.
Area of Science:
- Agricultural Science
- Agronomy
- Crop Physiology
Background:
- Maize yield forecasting is vital for food security and economic planning.
- Drought stress significantly impacts crop development and yield.
- Accurate monitoring of crop health indicators is needed for reliable yield prediction.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the effectiveness of relative chlorophyll content (SPAD) and leaf area index (LAI) for maize yield estimation.
- To assess the impact of drought stress on SPAD and LAI.
- To determine optimal nitrogen fertilization strategies under water-limited conditions.
Main Methods:
- Field experiments were conducted in dry (2021) and extremely dry (2022) years.
- Crop development, SPAD, and LAI were monitored throughout the growing season.
- Regression analysis was used to model the relationship between SPAD, LAI, and maize yield.
Main Results:
- Drought stress significantly reduced SPAD and LAI, initiating early leaf senescence.
- Top dressing at V6 and V12 phenophases did not improve yield due to low rainfall.
- 120 kg N ha-1 base fertilizer was found to be optimal.
- Combined SPAD and LAI showed strong suitability for yield prediction (R2 = 0.762 at VT stage).
Conclusions:
- SPAD and LAI are reliable indicators for maize yield forecasting, particularly under drought conditions.
- Nitrogen management strategies should consider water availability.
- Early detection of stress through SPAD and LAI can aid in yield management.
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