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Pregnancy after IUD use.

J E Rioux, D Cloutier, P Dupont

    Advances in Contraception : the Official Journal of the Society for the Advancement of Contraception
    |June 1, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
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    Intrauterine devices (IUDs) do not cause infertility. Studies show women using IUDs, including the Dalkon Shield, can still achieve pregnancy after removal, regardless of device type or copper content.

    Area of Science:

    • Reproductive health
    • Gynecology
    • Contraception

    Background:

    • Limited research exists on the long-term fertility of asymptomatic intrauterine device (IUD) users.
    • Previous concerns linked IUDs, particularly the Dalkon Shield, to increased tubal infertility.
    • The impact of copper in IUDs on safety and fertility outcomes remains unclear.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the subsequent fertility status of women after using IUDs, specifically the Dalkon Shield and TCu-200.
    • To determine if asymptomatic IUD use increases tubal infertility.
    • To assess the safety and efficacy of copper-containing IUDs compared to non-copper IUDs and the Dalkon Shield.

    Main Methods:

    • A longitudinal study tracking 200 Dalkon Shield users and 142 TCu-200 users.

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  • Follow-up rates of 89% and 90% were achieved after 12-14 years.
  • Fertility outcomes were assessed in patients who had IUDs removed for planned pregnancies.

    • Main Results:

    • No increase in tubal infertility was observed in asymptomatic IUD users.
    • All patients who had their IUDs removed for intended pregnancy successfully conceived, indicating IUDs do not cause infertility.
    • Copper IUDs (TCu-200) were found to be more efficient but not inherently safer than other IUD types.
    • The Dalkon Shield did not demonstrate greater risk in nulliparous women compared to other IUDs.

    Conclusions:

    • Intrauterine device (IUD) use per se does not lead to infertility.
    • Copper addition enhances IUD efficiency but does not significantly improve safety profiles.
    • The Dalkon Shield's risk profile in nulligravidas was comparable to other IUDs, refuting prior assumptions.