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Normal postvoid residual urine in healthy adults.
Li Yi Lim1,2, Stephen Shei-Dei Yang1,2,3
1Department of Surgery, Division of Urology, Taipei Tzu Chi Hospital, New Taipei City, Taiwan.
Neurourology and Urodynamics
|September 28, 2023
Summary
This study establishes normal postvoid residual (PVR) urine volume reference values for healthy adults. Women generally have lower PVR than men, and elevated PVR may require further medical evaluation.
Area of Science:
- Urology
- Nephrology
- Geriatrics
Background:
- Establishing normal reference values for postvoid residual (PVR) urine volume is crucial for diagnosing lower urinary tract dysfunction.
- Previous studies have yielded varied results, necessitating a comprehensive evaluation in a healthy adult population.
Purpose of the Study:
- To determine normal reference values for postvoid residual (PVR) urine volume in healthy adults.
- To investigate the influence of factors such as bladder volume (BV), age, gender, and constipation on PVR.
Main Methods:
- Recruitment of healthy adults for uroflowmetry and PVR measurements.
- Exclusion of participants with neurological disorders, malignancy, diabetes, known lower urinary tract dysfunction, or recent urinary tract infections.
- Definition of constipation using Rome IV criteria (≥2).
Main Results:
- Data from 515 adults (aged 36-89) were analyzed, revealing a nonlinear relationship between bladder volume (BV) and PVR.
- Women exhibited lower PVR than men. PVR increased with higher International Prostatic Symptom Score (IPSS), but was unaffected by age or functional constipation.
- The 90th and 95th percentiles for PVR were established for both men and women, with men generally showing higher values.
Conclusions:
- Normal reference values for PVR were established, with distinct percentiles for men and women.
- The 90th or 95th percentile of PVR can serve as an upper limit of normal, indicating potential need for further assessment.
- Further research is recommended to validate these findings and their clinical implications.
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