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NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

NMR Spectrometers: Radiofrequency Pulses and Pulse Sequences

A pulse is a short burst of radio waves distributed over a range of frequencies that simultaneously excites all the nuclei in the sample. Upon passing a radio frequency pulse along the x-axis, the nuclei absorb energy corresponding to their Larmor frequencies and achieve resonance. This shifts the net magnetization vector from the z-axis toward the transverse plane. This angle of rotation of the magnetization vector, or the flip angle, is proportional to the duration and intensity of the pulse.

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

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Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

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Accelerated multislice MRI with patterned excitation.

Jacco A de Zwart¹, Peter van Gelderen¹, Yicun Wang¹

¹Advanced MRI Section, Laboratory of Functional and Molecular Imaging, National Institute of Neurological Disorders and Stroke, National Institutes of Health, Maryland, Bethesda, USA.

Magnetic Resonance in Medicine

|September 28, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Accelerate multislice 2D MRI scans by combining contrast preparation and image acquisition using simultaneous radiofrequency (RF) pulses. This novel approach significantly reduces scan times for specific MRI applications.

Keywords:

accelerated multislice MRI brain pulsations composite RF pulses diffusion imaging rapid MRI tissue displacement imaging

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Area of Science:

Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Medical Physics

Background:

Multislice MRI often requires separate radiofrequency (RF) pulses for contrast preparation and signal readout, leading to lengthy scan times.
Techniques like inversion prepulses for T1 contrast and spin-echo preparations for T2 or diffusion contrast contribute to scan inefficiency.

Purpose of the Study:

To accelerate multislice 2D MRI by integrating contrast preparation and image acquisition.
To introduce novel RF pulse sequences that manipulate magnetization across multiple slices simultaneously.

Main Methods:

Developed a pulse sequence combining contrast preparation and signal readout.
Utilized RF pulses acting on multiple slices concurrently.
Employed a gradient crusher scheme for targeted slice selection.

Main Results:

Demonstrated feasibility in human brain 3T MRI using spin echo-based measurements.
Achieved significant reductions in scan time, with time-efficiency increases up to 25% and scan time reductions up to 53% depending on implementation.

Conclusions:

Introduced a novel method for multislice MRI.
The demonstrated approach effectively reduces scan time for specific MRI applications.