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Related Concept Videos

Key Elements for Plant Nutrition02:35

Key Elements for Plant Nutrition

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Like all living organisms, plants require organic and inorganic nutrients to survive, reproduce, grow and maintain homeostasis. To identify nutrients that are essential for plant functioning, researchers have leveraged a technique called hydroponics. In hydroponic culture systems, plants are grown—without soil—in water-based solutions containing nutrients. At least 17 nutrients have been identified as essential elements required by plants. Plants acquire these elements from the...
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The Roles of Bacteria and Fungi in Plant Nutrition02:11

The Roles of Bacteria and Fungi in Plant Nutrition

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Plants have the impressive ability to create their own food through photosynthesis. However, plants often require assistance from organisms in the soil to acquire the nutrients they need to function correctly. Both bacteria and fungi have evolved symbiotic relationships with plants that help the species to thrive in a wide variety of environments.
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Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs01:15

Metabolism of Chemolithotrophs

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Chemolithotrophs are microorganisms that obtain energy by oxidizing inorganic molecules such as hydrogen gas (H₂), ammonia (NH₃), reduced sulfur compounds (H₂S, S²⁻), and ferrous iron (Fe²⁺). Unlike heterotrophic organisms that rely on organic carbon, chemolithotrophs transfer electrons from these inorganic donors to the electron transport chain (ETC), generating a proton motive force (PMF) that drives ATP synthesis through oxidative phosphorylation.
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Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism01:20

Overview of Nitrogen Metabolism

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Nitrogen is a very important element for life because it is a major constituent of proteins and nucleic acids. It is a macronutrient, and in nature, it is recycled from organic compounds and stored in the form of  ammonia, ammonium ions, nitrate, nitrite, or  nitrogen gas by many metabolic processes. Many of these metabolic processes are carried out only by prokaryotes.
The largest pool of nitrogen available in the terrestrial ecosystem is gaseous nitrogen (N2) from the air, but this...
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Overview of Metabolism01:40

Overview of Metabolism

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Living cells constantly carry out various chemical reactions which are necessary for their proper functioning. These reactions are interlinked to one another via multiple pathways. The collection of these chemical reactions is known as metabolism.
Plant Metabolism
Sunlight, the primary source of energy in plants, is first absorbed by the chlorophyll pigments present in their leaves. Plants then use this energy to carry out photosynthesis, where water is oxidized into oxygen and carbon dioxide...
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The Phosphorus Cycle01:21

The Phosphorus Cycle

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Unlike carbon, water, and nitrogen, phosphorus is not present in the atmosphere as a gas. Instead, most phosphorus in the ecosystem exists as compounds, such as phosphate ions (PO43-), found in soil, water, sediment and rocks. Phosphorus is often a limiting nutrient (i.e., in short supply). Consequently, phosphorus is added to most agricultural fertilizers, which can cause environmental problems related to runoff in aquatic ecosystems.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Assessment of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Fluxes from Paddy Field by Means of Static Closed Chambers Maintaining Plants Within Headspace
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Assessment of Methane and Nitrous Oxide Fluxes from Paddy Field by Means of Static Closed Chambers Maintaining Plants Within Headspace

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Interactions between nitrogen and phosphorus in modulating soil respiration: A meta-analysis.

Xiaoying Zheng1, Yun Zhang2, Ye Zhang1

  • 1Institute of Grassland, Flowers and Ecology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100097, China; College of Environmental Science and Engineering, Liaoning Technical University, Fuxin 123000, China.

The Science of the Total Environment
|September 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Fertilizer addition impacts soil respiration (Rs) differently. Nitrogen (N) reduces Rs, phosphorus (P) has no effect, while combined N and P increase Rs, affecting ecosystem processes.

Keywords:
Autotrophic respirationHeterotrophic respirationNitrogen depositionNutrient limitationPhosphorus depositionTerrestrial ecosystems

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Last Updated: Jul 15, 2025

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Area of Science:

  • Soil science
  • Ecology
  • Biogeochemistry

Background:

  • Global economic development increases soil nutrient inputs, particularly nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P).
  • Nutrient inputs significantly influence soil respiration (Rs) in terrestrial ecosystems, with potential independent or interactive effects.
  • The specific impacts of N and P on Rs and its components (autotrophic [Ra] and heterotrophic [Rh] respiration) are not well understood.

Conclusions:

  • Soil respiration's response to fertilizer application is complex and multifaceted.
  • Predicting and modeling future soil respiration and its feedback to global change requires considering multiple influencing factors.