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Related Concept Videos

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages01:30

Lytic Cycle of Bacteriophages

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Bacteriophages, also known as phages, are specialized viruses that infect bacteria. A key characteristic of phages is their distinctive “head-tail” morphology. A phage begins the infection process (i.e., lytic cycle) by attaching to the outside of a bacterial cell. Attachment is accomplished via proteins in the phage tail that bind to specific receptor proteins on the outer surface of the bacterium. The tail injects the phage’s DNA genome into the bacterial cytoplasm. In the...
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Microorganisms in Medicine and Therapeutics01:29

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Microorganisms play a fundamental role in vaccine development, gene therapy, and therapeutic production. Their biological properties are harnessed to advance medicine and public health. Beyond immunization, microorganisms contribute to gut health, antibiotic synthesis, and genetic disease treatment.Live Attenuated and Inactivated VaccinesLive attenuated vaccines, such as the measles, mumps, and rubella (MMR) vaccine, utilize weakened forms of pathogens to closely resemble natural infections.
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Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages00:43

Lysogenic Cycle of Bacteriophages

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In contrast to the lytic cycle, phages infecting bacteria via the lysogenic cycle do not immediately kill their host cell. Instead, they combine their genome with the host genome, allowing the bacteria to replicate the phage DNA along with the bacterial genome. The incorporated copy of the phage genome is called the prophage. Some prophages can re-activate and enter the lytic cycle. This often occurs in response to a perturbation, such as DNA damage, but can also transpire in the absence of...
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DNA Bacteriophages01:26

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Bacteriophages, or phages, are viruses that specifically infect bacteria, utilizing their genetic material to hijack host cellular machinery for replication. DNA bacteriophages employ single-stranded DNA (ssDNA) or double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) genomes. These phages exhibit diverse replication strategies and host interactions, influencing their ecological roles and applications in biotechnology and medicine.ssDNA BacteriophagesssDNA phages, with their small genomes, utilize unique strategies to...
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Treating Helicobacter pylori in Peptic Ulcers: Antimicrobial Therapy01:16

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Helicobacter pylori, a resilient gram-negative bacterium, can thrive in the stomach's harsh, acidic environment. Infection with H. pylori leads to a cascade of events within the stomach lining. One of the critical disruptions caused by this bacterium is the interference with somatostatin production, a hormone responsible for regulating acid secretion. This interference tips the balance, escalating acid secretion and diminishing bicarbonate levels. This imbalance compromises the defensive...
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Viral Replication: Lysogenic Cycle01:16

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The lysogenic cycle is a crucial viral replication strategy that allows bacteriophages to persist within host cells without immediately destroying them. This process is primarily observed in temperate phages, such as bacteriophage lambda (λ), which infects Escherichia coli. The cycle allows the viral genome to persist across bacterial generations while keeping host cells viable.Integration of the Viral GenomeUpon infection, bacteriophage lambda attaches to the bacterial surface and injects...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Author Spotlight: Investigating Bacteriophage-Induced Immune Responses in Gnotobiotic Mice
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Author Spotlight: Investigating Bacteriophage-Induced Immune Responses in Gnotobiotic Mice

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Phage therapy in gut microbiome.

Xingyao Chen1, Beatriz G Mendes2, Bruno Secchi Alves2

  • 1Department of Infectious Diseases, The First Affiliated Hospital of USTC, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China; The CAS Key Laboratory of Innate Immunity and Chronic Disease, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Division of Life Sciences and Medicine, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, Anhui, China.

Progress in Molecular Biology and Translational Science
|September 28, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Phage therapy offers a promising alternative to antibiotics for treating bacterial infections and restoring gut microbiota. This approach is being revisited for various gastrointestinal and liver diseases due to declining antibiotic effectiveness.

Keywords:
Bacteriophagegastrointestinal diseasesmicrobiotaphage therapyphageoma

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Area of Science:

  • Microbiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Virology

Background:

  • Antibiotic resistance necessitates alternative treatments for bacterial infections.
  • Phage therapy, using bacteriophages, is regaining interest due to its specificity and potential to restore gut microbiota.
  • Advances in sequencing and understanding of the human microbiome have revitalized phage therapy research.

Approach:

  • This review summarizes changes in gut microbiota and phageome in gastrointestinal and liver diseases.
  • It highlights recent scientific advancements in applying phage therapy to these conditions.
  • The review focuses on phage therapy's immunomodulatory and bactericidal effects.

Key Points:

  • Phage therapy is explored for infectious diseases like cholera and diarrhea.
  • It's investigated for non-communicable diseases: Crohn's, ulcerative colitis, colorectal cancer, non-alcoholic fatty liver disease, and alcohol-associated hepatitis.
  • Specific bacterial targets include Escherichia coli, Clostridioides difficile, Fusobacterium nucleatum, Klebsiella pneumoniae, and Enterococcus faecalis.

Conclusions:

  • Phage therapy presents a viable alternative for managing gut dysbiosis and associated diseases.
  • Its targeted action and microbiome-restoring potential are crucial for future therapeutic strategies.
  • Further research into phage therapy is essential for its clinical application in gastrointestinal and liver disorders.