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Liquid-liquid phase separation within fibrillar networks.

Jason X Liu1,2, Mikko P Haataja1,2, Andrej Košmrlj1,2

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Biomolecular condensates separate into liquid phases within cellular fibrillar networks. Their growth and mechanical interactions depend on network structure, revealing principles of intracellular phase separation.

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Area of Science:

  • Biophysics
  • Cell Biology
  • Soft Matter Physics

Background:

  • Complex fibrillar networks are crucial for cellular functions, including the formation of biomolecular condensates via liquid-liquid phase separation.
  • Mechanical interactions between condensates and these networks are vital for cellular physiology, but the underlying physical principles are not well understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the dynamics and mechanics of liquid-liquid phase separation within fibrillar networks.
  • To understand how mechanical forces govern condensate behavior and network restructuring.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized oil droplets as a model system to condense within biopolymer gels, simulating intracellular environments.
  • Analyzed condensate growth dynamics and network deformation under varying conditions.

Main Results:

  • Condensates confined within the network pore space exhibit growth in abrupt temporal bursts.
  • Condensate restructuring and network deformation are driven by fibril fracture, a process dictated by the balance between condensate capillarity and network strength.

Conclusions:

  • This study provides a synthetic analog for intracellular phase separation, enhancing our understanding of the mechanical interplay between biomolecular condensates and cellular fibrillar networks.
  • The findings highlight the critical role of mechanical forces and network integrity in regulating condensate behavior within the cell.