One-year regional brain volume changes as potential predictors of cognitive function in multiple sclerosis: a pilot
Torcato Meira1,2, Ana Coelho1, Seyda Onat1
1Life and Health Sciences Research Institute (ICVS), School of Medicine, Campus de Gualtar, University of Minho, 4710-057, Braga, Portugal.
Irish Journal of Medical Science
|September 29, 2023
Summary
Brain atrophy in specific regions over one year can predict cognitive decline in multiple sclerosis (MS) patients. This finding may help identify individuals at risk for worsening cognitive function.
Area of Science:
- Neuroimaging
- Neurology
- Cognitive Science
Background:
- Brain atrophy on MRI is a key indicator of cognitive issues in multiple sclerosis (MS).
- Previous studies have not examined 1-year volumetric changes as predictors of cognitive function in MS.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate if 1-year regional brain volume changes predict cognitive performance in MS patients.
- To identify specific brain regions whose volume changes are associated with cognitive deficits.
Main Methods:
- 22 MS patients underwent baseline MRI for 83 regional brain volumes and a 1-year follow-up MRI.
- Cognitive function was assessed using the Brief International Cognitive Assessment for MS (BICAMS), including tests for attention, processing speed, verbal learning, and visuo-spatial memory.
- Multivariate linear regression models analyzed the relationship between regional brain volumes, 1-year volume changes, and cognitive scores, controlling for demographic factors.
Main Results:
- Decreased left amygdala volume in the year prior to assessment predicted poorer verbal memory.
- Reduced right lateral orbitofrontal cortex volume predicted worse visuo-spatial memory.
- These associations were independent of cross-sectional brain volumes at the time of cognitive testing.
Conclusions:
- Novel 1-year regional brain volume changes serve as potential predictors of cognitive deficits in MS.
- These findings suggest specific brain regions play a role in MS-related cognitive decline.
- This research may aid in identifying patients with deteriorating cognitive function, improving clinical management.
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