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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2025

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Telepharmacy Model of Care.

Christine Cigolle1, Kristin Phillips2

  • 1Veterans Affairs Ann Arbor Healthcare System Geriatric Research, Education and Clinical Center (GRECC), Ann Arbor, Michigan; Department of Family Medicine, University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Michigan, USA; Division of Geriatric and Palliative Medicine, Department of Internal Medicine.

Clinical Therapeutics
|September 29, 2023
PubMed
Summary

This study found that a telemedicine-based medication review and deprescribing program for older veterans was feasible. The Telepharmacy Model of Care successfully identified medication discrepancies and risks in veterans with cognitive and functional impairments.

Keywords:
Cognitive impairmentDeprescribingFunctional impairmentGeriatricsPharmacy technicianTelemedicine

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Area of Science:

  • Gerontology
  • Clinical Pharmacy
  • Telemedicine

Background:

  • Older adults often have complex medication regimens and cognitive/functional impairments affecting self-management.
  • Comprehensive medication review and deprescribing are crucial for optimizing health outcomes in this population.
  • Telepharmacy offers a potential solution for delivering medication management services remotely.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To assess the feasibility of the Telepharmacy Model of Care for medication review and deprescribing in older adults.
  • To evaluate innovations in cognitive and functional assessment within a telemedicine framework.
  • To determine the effectiveness of involving pharmacy technicians in medication management.

Main Methods:

  • Retrospective review of medical records from US veterans participating in a pilot Telepharmacy Model of Care implementation.
  • Data abstraction focused on medication list accuracy, safety, cognitive/functional status, and self-management abilities.
  • Assessment of medication discrepancies, adherence, drug interactions, and identification of high-risk medications.

Main Results:

  • The pilot included 60 US veterans (mean age 75 years), with 98% successfully using telemedicine.
  • 57% of patients had four or more medication discrepancies; 35% were on Red Flag medications and 74% on High Risk medications.
  • 37% had cognitive/health literacy impairments and 45% had physical impairments affecting medication self-management.

Conclusions:

  • The telemedicine-based Telepharmacy Model of Care, delivered by pharmacists and technicians, is a feasible approach for comprehensive medication review and deprescribing.
  • This model effectively addresses the needs of cognitively and functionally impaired veterans.
  • The findings support the integration of telepharmacy services for optimizing medication management in older adults.