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Related Concept Videos

Glycocalyx and its Functions01:14

Glycocalyx and its Functions

4.1K
The glycocalyx is a carbohydrate-rich, fuzzy-appearing layer on the outer surface of the cell membrane. It is highly hydrophilic, because of this it attracts large amounts of water to the cell's surface. This aids the cell's interaction with the watery environment and also helps it to obtain substances dissolved in the water. It is also important for cell identification, self/non-self determination, and embryonic development and is used in cell-to-cell attachments to form tissues.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Quantifying the Mechanical Properties of the Endothelial Glycocalyx with Atomic Force Microscopy
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Microvascular Endothelial Glycocalyx Surface Layer Visualization and Quantification.

Natascha G Alves1, Jerome W Breslin2

  • 1Department of Molecular Pharmacology and Physiology, Morsani College of Medicine, University of Southern Florida, Tampa, FL, USA.

Methods in Molecular Biology (Clifton, N.J.)
|September 30, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Directly imaging the endothelial glycocalyx in vivo is crucial for understanding its role in vascular health. This study presents new intravital microscopy techniques to assess glycocalyx integrity, overcoming limitations of traditional methods.

Keywords:
BSI-LectinDye exclusionEndothelial surface layerGlycocalyxIntravital microscopy

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Area of Science:

  • Vascular Biology
  • Cell Biology
  • Biophysics

Background:

  • The endothelial glycocalyx is a vital layer on blood vessel surfaces.
  • It regulates critical microvascular functions like permeability and leukocyte adhesion.
  • Glycocalyx disruption leads to pathological conditions such as hyperpermeability.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop and describe novel in vivo imaging techniques for assessing endothelial glycocalyx integrity.
  • To overcome challenges associated with studying the glycocalyx using traditional cell culture or tissue fixation methods.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized intravital microscopy (IVM) for direct, real-time imaging of the microcirculation.
  • Developed and applied two specific IVM techniques to visualize and evaluate the glycocalyx surface layer.

Main Results:

  • Successfully demonstrated direct imaging of the endothelial glycocalyx in vivo.
  • Assessed the integrity of the glycocalyx layer using the developed IVM techniques.
  • Provided a method to study dynamic changes in glycocalyx structure during physiological and pathological processes.

Conclusions:

  • Intravital microscopy offers a powerful approach for studying the endothelial glycocalyx in its native environment.
  • These new techniques enable direct assessment of glycocalyx integrity, crucial for understanding microvascular function and disease.
  • In vivo imaging is essential for accurate study of the delicate glycocalyx layer, overcoming limitations of in vitro and fixation-based methods.