Related Experiment Video
Updated: Jul 15, 2025

The Effect of Construction and Demolition Waste Plastic Fractions on Wood-Polymer Composite Properties
Published on: June 7, 2020
Degree of Conversion and Mechanical Properties of a Commercial Composite with an Advanced Polymerization System
Celiane Mc Tapety1, Yvina Kp Carneiro1, Yarina M Chagas1
1Universidade Federal do Ceará, Faculdade de Odontologia, Sobral, Brasil.
Abstract:
Advanced Polymerization System (APS) technology in a commercial composite resin enables reduction of the concentration of camphorquinone without altering composite physicochemical properties.
Aim:
The aim of this study was to evaluate the degree of conversion and mechanical properties of a commercial composite with an advanced polymerization system (APS) and compare it to other composites that do not use this system.
Materials And Method:
Five groups were analyzed. Group 1 (VT: Vittra APS - FGM); G2 (AU: Aura - SDI); G3 (ES: Quick Sigma Stelite - TOKOYAMA); G4 (FZ: Filtek Z350 XT - 3M ESPE); G5 (OP: Opallis -FGM). Degree of conversion (DC, n=3) was analyzed immediately and after 24h by analysis with FTIR spectroscopy. For Knoop hardness (KHN, n=3), 5 indentations were made at the top and bottom of specimens 2 mm thick. Flexural strength (FS, n=10) was determined by the three-point method in a universal testing machine. Polymerization stress (PS) was determined by light-curing the material (1.0 mm high) between polymethylmethacrylate rods in a universal testing machine. Light curing was performed with a Valo Cordless LED (1,000 mW/cm2 x 20 s: 20J). The results were analyzed using ANOVA and complemented by Tukey's test (α=0.05).
Results:
The highest DC values (immediate and 24h after) were observed for VT and OP resins, followed by FZ, AU and ES. FZ (top and bottom) had the highest KHN values, similar to VT top. AU, ES, OP and VT had statistically different KHN between their top and bottom surfaces. The highest RF values were observed for FZ, followed by OP/VT, ES and AU. The highest TP values were observed for FZ, OP and VT.
Conclusion:
The Vittra APS resin with a new polymerization system presents satisfactory performance for the parameters evaluated.
More Related Videos
Related Concept Videos
Polymer Classification: Architecture
Step-Growth Polymerization: Overview
Many natural and synthetic polymers are produced by...
Polymer Classification: Stereospecificity
Polymer Classification: Crystallinity
Crystalline domains are the regions where polymer chains are aligned in an orderly manner and held together in proximity by intermolecular forces. For example, chains in the crystalline domains of polyethylene and nylon are bound together by van der Waals...
Molecular Weight of Step-Growth Polymers
As the step-growth polymerization involves step-wise condensation of monomers, the molecular weight also builds up eventually. Consequently, high molecular weight polymers are obtained at the late stages of the polymerization, where 99% of monomers have been consumed.
The extent of the...
Types of Step-Growth Polymers: Polyesters
Polyesters are commonly prepared from terephthalic acid and ethylene glycol; the crude product is known as poly(ethylene terephthalate) or PET. However, polyesters are synthesized industrially by transesterification of dimethyl terephthalate with ethylene glycol at 150 °C. The two reactants and the...

