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Aluminum exposure and cognitive performance: A meta-analysis.

Thomas Vlasak1, Tanja Dujlovic1, Alfred Barth1

  • 1Department of Psychology, Sigmund Freud Private University Linz, Linz, Austria.

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Occupational aluminum exposure impairs cognitive functions including processing speed, working memory, attention, and reaction time. Elevated blood aluminum levels predict reduced cognitive performance in exposed workers.

Keywords:
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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Neuroscience
  • Toxicology

Background:

  • Aluminum's industrial use is rising, but occupational exposure poses health risks.
  • The link between aluminum exposure and cognitive decline, including neurodegenerative diseases, is debated.
  • Understanding aluminum's neurotoxic effects is crucial for worker safety.

Approach:

  • A comprehensive literature search was performed until June 2023.
  • 18 studies with 87 effect sizes on aluminum exposure and cognitive functions were meta-analyzed.
  • Meta-regressions explored publication bias, moderators, and exposure-effect relationships.

Key Points:

  • Workers exposed to aluminum showed significantly worse performance in processing speed, working memory, attention, and reaction time.
  • Increased blood plasma aluminum levels were a significant predictor of decreased cognitive performance.
  • Seven cognitive functions were assessed across the included studies.

Conclusions:

  • Occupational aluminum exposure negatively impacts key cognitive functions.
  • Blood aluminum levels are a significant biomarker for cognitive performance deficits.
  • Findings inform occupational health strategies and the discourse on aluminum's role in neurodegeneration.