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Maternal BMI and allergy in children until 3 years of age (JECS)

Daisuke Hayashi1,2,3, Emiko Noguchi1,2, Kazushi Maruo4

  • 1Japan Environment and Children's Study Program Office, National Institute for Environmental Studies, Tsukuba, Japan.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Global
|October 2, 2023
PubMed

Insights

Maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) is linked to childhood allergies. Higher maternal BMI increased asthma risk but decreased food allergy risk in children.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Allergy and Immunology
  • Reproductive Health and Epidemiology
  • Public Health and Nutrition

Background:

  • Maternal prepregnancy body mass index (BMI) is a potential factor influencing the development of allergic diseases in offspring.
  • Understanding this relationship is crucial for identifying early risk factors for pediatric allergies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between maternal prepregnancy BMI and the risk of physician-diagnosed asthma, food allergy (FA), and atopic dermatitis (AD) in children.
  • To analyze these risks within the first 3 years of life.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized data from the Japan Environment and Children's Study, a nationwide birth cohort.
  • Included 67,204 mother-child pairs with available data on allergic diseases.
  • Employed logistic regression analysis to assess associations.

Main Results:

  • Increased maternal BMI was associated with a higher risk of asthma in children (overweight: aOR=1.17; obese: aOR=1.28).
  • Conversely, higher maternal BMI correlated with a decreased risk of food allergy, including cow's milk and egg allergy.
  • No significant association was found between maternal BMI and atopic dermatitis risk.

Conclusions:

  • Maternal prepregnancy BMI is significantly associated with both increased asthma and decreased food allergy prevalence in children.
  • Further research is warranted to elucidate the underlying biological mechanisms connecting maternal BMI and pediatric allergic disease development.
Abstract

Keywords:
Atopic dermatitisasthmacow’s milk allergyegg allergyfood allergyprepregnancy maternal body mass index

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