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Related Concept Videos

General Anesthesia: Overview01:24

General Anesthesia: Overview

237
Anesthesia is a medical procedure that uses drugs for CNS suppression to enable painless surgeries and procedures. The selection of anesthetics is influenced by their pharmacokinetic properties, side effects, and patient characteristics. Various types of anesthesia include general, local, regional, spinal, and inhalational.
General anesthesia induces unconsciousness in the whole body, while the others target specific areas or sensations. It is administered to minimize adverse effects, maintain...
237
Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview01:24

Parenteral Anesthetics: Overview

151
Intravenous anesthetics are drugs administered parenterally to induce anesthesia or sedation. Propofol is a widely used agent formulated as a 1% emulsion in soybean oil, glycerol, and egg phosphatide. It induces rapid anesthesia primarily due to its rapid distribution from the bloodstream to target tissues and is metabolized in the liver. However, it can cause significant pain on injection and hypertriglyceridemia. Fospropofol, a water-based prodrug of propofol, lacks these adverse effects.
151
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia01:11

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Spinal Anesthesia

664
Spinal anesthetics are given during lower abdomen and limb surgeries to block sensory and motor neurons. They are administered in the mid to low lumbar regions, primarily acting on the cauda equina's nerve roots. The blockade level depends on the local anesthetic (LA) concentration. Usually, low LA concentrations are sufficient to block sensory fibers, while only high LA concentrations block motor fibers. Other factors like injection volume and speed, the patient's posture, and the drug...
664
Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications01:23

Local Anesthetics: Common Agents and Their Applications

473
Local anesthetics (LAs) are commonly used for various applications in medical and dental procedures. Some of the common agents used are cocaine, lidocaine, and bupivacaine.
Cocaine is an ester of benzoic acid and methylecgogine. It is used to anesthetize and vasoconstrict locally. Currently, it is used primarily for topical applications. It is beneficial for surgeries on the upper respiratory tract, providing anesthesia and shrinking the mucosa. Cocaine in the form of cocaine hydrochloride is...
473
Stages of General Anesthesia01:22

Stages of General Anesthesia

489
Various sedation levels offer significant advantages in facilitating procedural interventions for patients undergoing medical or invasive surgical procedures. These levels span from anxiolysis to general anesthesia, providing a spectrum of sedative effects to cater to specific patient needs. Anxiolysis reduces anxiety and is achieved through minimal sedation, enabling patients to remain awake and responsive while feeling more at ease during the procedure. This level can benefit minor...
489
Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia01:29

Local Anesthetics: Clinical Application as Epidural Anesthesia

452
Epidural anesthetics are administered in the fat-filled epidural space, the outermost part of the spinal canal. This technique is commonly employed for pain management and anesthesia during lower abdomen and pelvis surgeries or labor and delivery.
Since epidural anesthetics can be infused through an epidural catheter, all types of drugs, including short-acting ones, can be administered. Chloroprocaine and lidocaine are examples of short and long-duration anesthetics, respectively. Bupivacaine...
452

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Author Spotlight: A Non-Intubated Video-Assisted Thoracoscopic Surgery with Multimodal Analgesia and Sevoflurane Inhalation Anesthesia
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Anesthesia for office-based facial plastic surgery procedures.

Suhas Bharadwaj1, William Dougherty1

  • 1Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Eastern Virginia Medical School Norfolk Virginia USA.

World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology - Head and Neck Surgery
|October 2, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Facial plastic surgeons can safely perform in-office procedures using various anesthesia techniques. Proper patient selection and anesthetic methods enhance patient comfort and convenience for facial plastic surgery.

Keywords:
anesthesiafacial plastic surgeryoffice‐based procedures

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Area of Science:

  • Anesthesiology
  • Plastic Surgery

Background:

  • The trend toward office-based procedures in plastic surgery has grown, enhancing patient convenience.
  • Anesthetic options are crucial for managing patient anxiety and discomfort during these procedures.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review current anesthetic practices for in-office facial plastic surgery.
  • To assess the safety and efficacy of anesthesia in outpatient facial procedures.

Main Methods:

  • A comprehensive literature search was conducted across major databases (PubMed, Embase, Web of Science, Cochrane Review).
  • Keywords included "anesthesia," "office-based procedures," "local anesthesia," "facial plastics," "oral sedation," "moderate sedation," and "deep sedation."

Main Results:

  • In-office procedures, including Mohs reconstruction, blepharoplasty, and facelifts, are increasingly common.
  • Effective anesthesia management allows surgeons to perform a wide range of facial plastic procedures safely in an office setting.
  • Various anesthetic tools and techniques are available to minimize patient anxiety and discomfort.

Conclusions:

  • Facial plastic surgeons can successfully utilize anesthesia for in-office procedures.
  • Appropriate patient selection and anesthetic techniques are key to successful outcomes in office-based facial plastic surgery.