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Related Concept Videos

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management01:20

Asthma: Pathogenesis and Management

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Asthma is a chronic pulmonary condition involving inflammation of the airways, hyper-reactivity, and reversible obstruction of the airways. This condition can significantly impact a person's quality of life, making breathing difficult and leading to distressing symptoms.
Asthma is classified as allergic and non-allergic. Allergens such as dust mites, pollen, and pet dander trigger allergic asthma, while factors like cold air, intense emotions, or exercise can induce non-allergic asthma.
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Asthma-II: Pathophysiology and Classification01:26

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Asthma is a prevalent chronic respiratory condition marked by inflammation and hyperresponsiveness of the airways. Its pathophysiology involves complex interactions among inflammatory pathways, immune responses, and neural mechanisms.
Additionally, environmental and genetic factors play crucial roles in determining an individual's susceptibility to asthma and the severity of their condition.
Critical processes in asthma pathophysiology include:
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Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs01:25

Antiasthma Drugs: Mast Cell Stabilizers and Anti-IgE Drugs

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Asthma is a chronic respiratory condition for which new therapeutic avenues, including anti-inflammatory drugs like mast cell stabilizers and anti-IgE treatments, continue to be developed.
Mast cell stabilizers, such as cromolyn (also known as sodium cromoglycate) and nedocromil (Tilade), are effective drugs in asthma management. These stabilizers hinder histamine release by skillfully obstructing the activation of mast cells and other cellular entities. Notably, they navigate this task without...
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Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview01:17

Drugs Used in Lower Respiratory Disorders: Overview

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Lower respiratory tract disorders present challenges that often require skilled and nuanced approaches for effective management. Common ailments, such as asthma and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD), have prompted the development of intricate treatment strategies involving bronchodilators and anti-inflammatory drugs, each tailored to ease breathing and revitalize the lungs.
Bronchodilators, the first step of respiration enhancement, come in various forms, each with its own mechanism...
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Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers01:19

Antiasthma Drugs: Leukotriene Modifiers

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Leukotriene modifiers, or cysteinyl leukotriene receptor antagonists, are medications used to manage chronic asthma. These agents target specific inflammatory mediators produced during arachidonic acid metabolism, an essential process in generating inflammation in the body.
Leukotriene modifiers work through two distinct mechanisms:
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Antiasthma Drugs: Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists01:20

Antiasthma Drugs: Muscarinic Receptor Antagonists

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Muscarinic receptor antagonists, also known as antimuscarinic agents, are a class of bronchodilators used to treat asthma, although they are more commonly used to treat COPD. They work by inhibiting the action of acetylcholine (ACh), a neurotransmitter, on muscarinic receptors found in the airways.
Antimuscarinic agents compete with ACh for the same binding site on the muscarinic receptors. By binding to these receptors, they inhibit the downstream effects of ACh and block the parasympathetic...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Assessment of Respiratory Function in Conscious Mice by Double-chamber Plethysmography
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Endogenous inhibitory mechanisms in asthma.

Sergio E Chiarella1, Peter J Barnes2

  • 1Division of Allergic Diseases, Mayo Clinic, Rochester.

The Journal of Allergy and Clinical Immunology. Global
|October 2, 2023
PubMed
Summary

Endogenous inhibitory mechanisms, including regulatory T cells and specialized pro-resolving mediators, are crucial for lung homeostasis and repair. Targeting these pathways offers a promising strategy for asthma prevention and treatment.

Keywords:
AsthmaIL-10Treg celladrenomedullinairway inflammationcarbon monoxideendogenousglucagon-like peptide-1 receptorinhibitioninhibitorylipoxinmaresinmechanismnitric oxidepathwayprostaglandinprotectinresolving

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Area of Science:

  • Pulmonary immunology
  • Inflammation resolution biology

Background:

  • The lung relies on endogenous inhibitory mechanisms for inflammation resolution, tissue repair, and homeostasis.
  • These mechanisms encompass a diverse range of molecules and cells, including steroid hormones, regulatory T cells, and various lipid mediators.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review recent literature on endogenous inhibitory mechanisms in the context of asthma.
  • To highlight the potential of these mechanisms as therapeutic targets for asthma.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of recent scientific publications.
  • Synthesis of information on endogenous inhibitory pathways relevant to lung inflammation.

Main Results:

  • Identified key endogenous inhibitory mechanisms: steroid hormones, regulatory T cells, IL-10, prostaglandin E2, prostaglandin I2, lipoxins, resolvins, protectins, maresins, glucagon-like peptide-1 receptor, adrenomedullin, nitric oxide, and carbon monoxide.
  • Highlighted the role of these mechanisms in promoting inflammation resolution, tissue repair, and homeostasis in the lung.

Conclusions:

  • Endogenous inhibitory mechanisms are vital for maintaining lung health and resolving inflammation.
  • These pathways represent a promising frontier for developing novel strategies for asthma prevention and treatment.