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From Two Dimensions to Multidimensions: A Mechanistic Model to Support Deliberate CPD Development, Coordination, and
Grahanya Sachidanandan1, Abhimanyu Sud
1Ms. Sachidanandan: Medical Student, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto. Dr. Sud: Research Chair, Primary Care & Population Health Systems, Humber River Hospital, and Assistant Professor, Department of Family and Community Medicine, Temerty Faculty of Medicine, University of Toronto.
The Journal of Continuing Education in the Health Professions
|October 2, 2023
Summary
Continuing professional development (CPD) effectiveness varies. A new model identifies five mechanisms—motivation, expertise, confidence, self-efficacy, and community—to guide theory-based CPD program development and evaluation for better health outcomes.
Area of Science:
- Health Professions Education
- Intervention Science
- Program Evaluation
Background:
- The impact of continuing professional development (CPD) on health professional behavior and patient outcomes is inconsistent.
- Current CPD approaches often focus on outcomes without understanding underlying mechanisms.
- A shift towards theory-based and outcome-based strategies is needed for effective CPD.
Purpose of the Study:
- To develop and refine a model of mechanisms driving CPD program outcomes.
- To clarify causal relationships between CPD interventions and their effects.
- To support a transition to more deliberate and effective CPD design and evaluation.
Main Methods:
- A realist synthesis approach was used to identify and test mechanisms.
- Mechanisms from opioid agonist therapy CPD programs were refined against systematic reviews of analgesic prescribing and palliative care programs.
- Practical application within sustainable health care and pain management programs further validated the model.
Main Results:
- A final model comprising five key mechanisms was developed: motivation transformation, expert influence, confidence development, self-efficacy facilitation, and community of practice expansion.
- Analysis highlighted the heterogeneous, complex, and context-dependent nature of CPD.
- Ninety reports and 75 programs informed the model, with further practical applications.
Conclusions:
- Adopting outcome-based and theory-based approaches enhances CPD planning, evaluation, and collaboration.
- The model clarifies opportunities for integrating CPD with other intervention sciences.
- This resource aids practitioners, researchers, and policymakers in advancing CPD effectiveness.
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