Nanoparticle delivery through the BBB in central nervous system tuberculosis.

Area of Science:

• Nanotechnology
• Biomedical Applications
• Neuroscience

Background:

• Nanomaterials offer significant potential for improving human health.
• Understanding nanoparticle (NP) interactions with biological systems at the nanoscale is crucial but limited.
• Lack of specific methods hinders the study of NP-biological system interactions.

Purpose of the Study:

• To analytically describe the journey of nanoparticles (NPs) through the brain post-injection.
• To discuss NP interactions with biological barriers, particularly the blood-brain barrier (BBB).
• To provide analytical tools and guidelines for designing NPs for drug delivery in infected brains, focusing on central nervous system tuberculosis (CNS-TB).

Main Methods:

• Review of current literature on NP physicochemical properties.
• Analytical description of NP interactions with biomolecular, bio-mesoscopic, cellular, and tissue barriers.
• Focus on NP transport across the BBB.

Main Results:

• Detailed examination of NP behavior and interactions at various biological interfaces.
• Identification of challenges and key factors influencing NP brain penetration.
• Contextualization within brain infections, specifically CNS-TB.

Conclusions:

• Effective design of NPs for brain delivery requires understanding their interactions with biological barriers.
• Guidelines are provided for developing targeted NP-based therapies for CNS infections.
• This review serves as a resource for rational NP design in neurotherapeutics.