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Noble Gases

Noble Gases

The elements in group 18 are noble gases (helium, neon, argon, krypton, xenon, and radon). They earned the name “noble” because they were assumed to be nonreactive since they have filled valence shells. In 1962, Dr. Neil Bartlett at the University of British Columbia proved this assumption to be false.

Exceptions to the Octet Rule

Exceptions to the Octet Rule

Many covalent molecules have central atoms that do not have eight electrons in their Lewis structures. These molecules fall into three categories:

VSEPR Theory and the Effect of Lone Pairs

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The Aufbau Principle and Hund's Rule

The Aufbau Principle and Hund's Rule

To determine the electron configuration for any particular atom, we can build the structures in the order of atomic numbers. Beginning with hydrogen, and continuing across the periods of the periodic table, we add one proton at a time to the nucleus and one electron to the proper subshell until we have described the electron configurations of all the elements. This procedure is called the aufbau principle, from the German word aufbau (“to build up”). Each added electron occupies the...

Valence Bond Theory

Valence Bond Theory

Coordination compounds and complexes exhibit different colors, geometries, and magnetic behavior, depending on the metal atom/ion and ligands from which they are composed. In an attempt to explain the bonding and structure of coordination complexes, Linus Pauling proposed the valence bond theory, or VBT, using the concepts of hybridization and the overlapping of the atomic orbitals. According to VBT, the central metal atom or ion (Lewis acid) hybridizes to provide empty orbitals of suitable...

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Noble Gas Functional Defect with Unusual Relaxation Pattern in Solids.

Lovelesh Vashist¹, Harshan Reddy Gopidi¹, Muhammad Rizwan Khan¹

¹Centre of Excellence ENSEMBLE3 Sp. z o. o., Wolczynska Str. 133, 01-919, Warsaw, Poland.

The Journal of Physical Chemistry Letters

|October 3, 2023

Summary

This summary is machine-generated.

Noble gases, commonly thought inert, can function as defects in oxides. This research shows noble gas defects alter material properties by affecting electron states and conduction bands.

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Published on: October 12, 2019

Area of Science:

Materials Science
Solid State Physics
Computational Chemistry

Background:

Noble gases are conventionally considered chemically inert.
Noble gas implantation is used in experiments as a reference standard.
The impact of noble gas defects on functional oxide properties is largely unexplored.

Purpose of the Study:

To investigate the effects of noble gas defects on functional oxide properties.
To challenge the assumption of noble gas inertness in materials.
To explore the potential of noble gases as functional defects.

Main Methods:

Utilizing first-principles calculations.
Analyzing the electronic structure and defect states in oxides.
Simulating the influence of noble gas incorporation.

Main Results:

Noble gas defects can decentralize localized defect states.
Noble gas defects facilitate electron transfer to the conduction band.
Significant alterations in material properties due to noble gas defects were observed.

Conclusions:

Noble gases can act as functional defects in oxides.
The inertness assumption for noble gases in materials science is challenged.
Accurate material property assessment requires considering noble gas defects.