The Effect of Emotion Regulation on Executive Function

Emotion regulation and executive function are associated: adaptive regulatory strategies are linked to better executive functioning while maladaptive strategies correspond with worse executive functioning. However, if - and how - these two processes affect one another has not previously been explored; most studies have employed a correlational approach, leaving the direction of influence unknown. We aim to address this gap by using an experimental design to explore the impact of emotion regulation on executive functioning. Adult participants (N=31) completed an executive functioning task (Computerized Task-Switching Test) under four induced emotion regulation conditions (1) neutral/baseline, (2) positive mood-maintain, (3) negative mood-maintain, (4) negative mood-reduce (conditions 2-4 were randomized). Relative to baseline, participants demonstrated better set-shifting performance across regulation conditions. In contrast, inhibitory control performance was slower, despite anticipated improvement due to practice effects. This suggests that inhibitory control may be more involved in the emotion regulation process than set-shifting when participants have a specific emotion regulation goal to achieve. The present study provides preliminary evidence that individuals' ability to perform executive function tasks may be affected by concurrent emotion regulation demands; additional experiments are necessary to further probe the complexity of the association between these two processes.