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Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by persistent inattention, hyperactivity, and impulsivity. It affects approximately 5-8% of children globally, with around 60-70% of cases persisting into adulthood. ADHD has significant implications for educational attainment, social interactions, and occupational success.
Diagnostic Criteria and Symptoms
To diagnose ADHD, symptoms must manifest before age 12 and be evident across multiple settings....

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Motor Vehicle Crash Risk in Older Adult Drivers With Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder.

Yuxin Liu¹, Stanford Chihuri², Thelma J Mielenz^1,3

¹Department of Epidemiology, Mailman School of Public Health, Columbia University, New York, New York.

JAMA Network Open

|October 4, 2023

Summary

Older adults with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) face increased driving risks. This study found ADHD is linked to more hard-braking events, tickets, and crashes in drivers aged 65-79.

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Area of Science:

Gerontology
Neuroscience
Public Health

Background:

Attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms like inattentiveness and impulsivity can impact driving safety across all ages.
Existing research on ADHD and driving safety primarily focuses on adolescents and young adults, leaving a gap in understanding risks for older drivers.

Purpose of the Study:

To determine the prevalence of ADHD among older adult drivers (aged 65-79).
To investigate the association between ADHD and crash risk in this demographic.

Main Methods:

A prospective cohort study involving 2,832 active drivers aged 65-79 across 5 US sites.
Data collected via in-vehicle devices and annual assessments over up to 44 months.
Lifetime ADHD diagnosis was self-reported or confirmed by a healthcare professional.

Main Results:

The prevalence of lifetime ADHD in the study sample was 2.6%.
Older drivers with ADHD exhibited higher rates of hard-braking events, traffic tickets, and vehicular crashes compared to those without ADHD.
Adjusted analyses revealed ADHD was associated with a 7% increased risk of hard-braking, a 102% increased risk of traffic tickets, and a 74% increased risk of crashes.

Conclusions:

Older adult drivers with ADHD face a significantly elevated risk of vehicular crashes.
Findings underscore the need for improved ADHD diagnosis and management in older adults to enhance safe mobility and promote healthy aging.