Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Loss contexts enhance dorsolateral prefrontal interpersonal neural synchrony during successful human deceptive recommendations.

Communications biology·2026
Same author

Biomarker-Stratified Efficacy of Immune Checkpoint Inhibitors in Locally Advanced Head and Neck Squamous Cell Carcinoma: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Trials.

Cancers·2026
Same author

Targeted long-read RNA sequencing for rare disease diagnosis and variant interpretation.

Science advances·2026
Same author

Dexamethasone implant and aflibercept combination therapy versus aflibercept monotherapy for diabetic macular edema: A prospective, comparative trial (COED trial).

Retina (Philadelphia, Pa.)·2026
Same author

Stiffness Discrimination Thresholds of Force-Feedback Gloves for Volumetric Data Exploration in Virtual Reality.

IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics·2026
Same author

Assessing the Readiness of Augmented Reality for Industrial Assembly: A Deployment Study Comparing Immersive and Non-Immersive Solutions.

IEEE transactions on visualization and computer graphics·2026

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2025

An Assessment Method and Toolkit to Evaluate Keyboard Design on Smartphones
05:42

An Assessment Method and Toolkit to Evaluate Keyboard Design on Smartphones

Published on: October 5, 2020

3.2K

Evaluating the Performance of Hand-Based Probabilistic Text Input Methods on a Mid-Air Virtual Qwerty Keyboard.

John J Dudley, Jingyao Zheng, Aakar Gupta

    IEEE Transactions on Visualization and Computer Graphics
    |October 4, 2023
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Virtual reality (VR) hand-tracking enables mid-air typing, but accuracy issues persist. Error-tolerant methods improve virtual keyboard text entry, achieving 20-30 words per minute.

    More Related Videos

    P300-Based Brain-Computer Interface Speller Performance Estimation with Classifier-Based Latency Estimation
    06:09

    P300-Based Brain-Computer Interface Speller Performance Estimation with Classifier-Based Latency Estimation

    Published on: September 8, 2023

    611
    Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another
    05:12

    Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another

    Published on: September 18, 2017

    546.1K

    Related Experiment Videos

    Last Updated: Jul 15, 2025

    An Assessment Method and Toolkit to Evaluate Keyboard Design on Smartphones
    05:42

    An Assessment Method and Toolkit to Evaluate Keyboard Design on Smartphones

    Published on: October 5, 2020

    3.2K
    P300-Based Brain-Computer Interface Speller Performance Estimation with Classifier-Based Latency Estimation
    06:09

    P300-Based Brain-Computer Interface Speller Performance Estimation with Classifier-Based Latency Estimation

    Published on: September 8, 2023

    611
    Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another
    05:12

    Using Virtual Reality to Transfer Motor Skill Knowledge from One Hand to Another

    Published on: September 18, 2017

    546.1K

    Area of Science:

    • Human-Computer Interaction
    • Virtual Reality
    • Usability Studies

    Background:

    • Virtual reality (VR) headsets with integrated hand-tracking offer potential for mid-air text entry.
    • Virtual keyboards can mimic physical Qwerty layouts, allowing users to utilize existing typing skills.
    • Challenges include lack of haptic feedback, unconstrained motion, and tracking inaccuracies, which degrade input accuracy.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To explore error-tolerant probabilistic hand-based input methods for mid-air virtual Qwerty keyboards.
    • To evaluate the performance of hand-based text input using both gesture and touch typing paradigms in VR.
    • To identify methods for improving text entry accuracy and efficiency in VR environments.

    Main Methods:

    • Development and implementation of probabilistic, error-tolerant algorithms for hand-based input.
    • Conducting three user studies to assess text entry performance.
    • Investigating both gesture and touch typing interaction styles on a virtual Qwerty keyboard.

    Main Results:

    • Demonstrated typical text entry rates between 20 and 30 words per minute (wpm).
    • Achieved average peak entry rates ranging from 40 to 45 wpm.
    • Validated the effectiveness of error-tolerant methods in mitigating accuracy degradation.

    Conclusions:

    • Error-tolerant probabilistic methods significantly enhance text entry on mid-air virtual keyboards.
    • Hand-based input in VR is a viable method for text entry, with performance comparable to some physical interfaces.
    • Further research can optimize these methods for even greater efficiency and user experience in virtual environments.