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Sleep Reactivity and Sleep Efforts in Shift Workers.

Yunjee Hwang1, Hyeyeon Jang2, Jooyoung Lee2

  • 1Department of Brain and Cognitive Engineering, Korea University, Seoul, Republic of Korea.

Psychiatry Investigation
|October 5, 2023
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Summary

Shift workers, especially late night shift workers (LSWs), exhibit increased sleep reactivity and effort compared to non-shift workers. These factors are linked to sleep and mood disturbances.

Keywords:
Shift workSleep disturbanceSleep effortSleep reactivity

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Area of Science:

  • Occupational Health
  • Sleep Medicine
  • Psychology

Background:

  • Shift work is prevalent and associated with various health issues.
  • Understanding the psychological impact of different shift schedules is crucial for worker well-being.
  • Sleep reactivity and sleep effort are key components of the stress-response system related to sleep.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To compare sleep reactivity and sleep effort between late night shift workers (LSWs), non-late night shift workers (non-LSWs), and non-shift workers (non-SWs).
  • To examine the correlations between sleep reactivity, sleep effort, and measures of insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and depressive symptoms across different work schedules.

Main Methods:

  • A large-scale online survey was administered to 6,023 participants, categorized into non-SWs, LSWs (working 10 PM-6 AM), and non-LSWs (shift workers not working late nights).
  • Participants completed validated questionnaires including the Ford Insomnia Response to Stress Test (FIRST) and the Glasgow Sleep Effort Scale (GSES).
  • Additional assessments included the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI), Epworth Sleepiness Scale (ESS), Insomnia Severity Index (ISI), and Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression scale (CES-D).

Main Results:

  • Both LSWs and non-LSWs reported significantly higher sleep reactivity (FIRST scores) and sleep effort (GSES scores) compared to non-SWs.
  • LSWs demonstrated even higher FIRST and GSES scores than non-LSWs, indicating a greater impact of late-night schedules.
  • Both FIRST and GSES scores were consistently correlated with insomnia severity, poor sleep quality, daytime sleepiness, and depressive symptoms across all participant groups.

Conclusions:

  • Shift work, particularly late night schedules, is associated with heightened sleep reactivity and sleep effort.
  • Elevated sleep reactivity and effort in LSWs and non-LSWs are linked to significant sleep and mood disturbances, including insomnia, daytime sleepiness, and depression.
  • Interventions targeting sleep reactivity and effort may be beneficial for mitigating the adverse health consequences of shift work.