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Related Concept Videos

Kinematic Equations - II01:17

Kinematic Equations - II

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The second kinematic equation expresses the final position of an object in terms of its initial position, the distance traveled with the initial constant velocity, and the distance traveled due to a change in velocity. Similar to the first kinematic equation, this equation is also only valid when the acceleration is constant throughout the motion of an object.
Suppose a car merges into freeway traffic on a 200 m long ramp. If its initial velocity is 10 m/s and it accelerates at 2 m/s2, then the...
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When analyzing one-dimensional motion with constant acceleration, the problem-solving strategy involves identifying the known quantities and choosing the appropriate kinematic equations to solve for the unknowns. Either one or two kinematic equations are needed to solve for the unknowns, depending on the known and unknown quantities. Generally, the number of equations required is the same as the number of unknown quantities in the given example. Two-body pursuit problems always require two...
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When an object moves with constant acceleration, the velocity of the object changes at a constant rate throughout the motion. The kinematic equations of motions are derived for such cases where the acceleration of the object is constant. The first kinematic equation gives an insight into the relationship between velocity, acceleration, and time. We can see, for example:
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Kinematic Equations - III01:18

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The first two kinematic equations have time as a variable, but the third kinematic equation is independent of time. This equation expresses final velocity as a function of the acceleration and distance over which it acts. The fourth kinematic equation does not have an acceleration term and provides the final position of the object at time t in terms of the initial and final velocities. This equation is useful when the value of the constant acceleration is unknown.
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Velocity and Position by Graphical Method01:34

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Velocity and position can be calculated from the known function of acceleration as a function of time. The total area under the acceleration-time graph and the velocity-time graph gives the change in velocity and position, respectively. In the case of an airplane, its acceleration is tracked using the inertial navigation system. The pilot provides the input of the airplane's initial position and velocity before takeoff. The inertial navigation system then uses the acceleration data to...
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Enzyme kinetics studies the rates of biochemical reactions. Scientists monitor the reaction rates for a particular enzymatic reaction at various substrate concentrations. Additional trials with inhibitors or other molecules that affect the reaction rate may also be performed.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 15, 2025

Comparative Analysis of Lower Limb Kinematics between the Initial and Terminal Phase of 5km Treadmill Running
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Changes in Running Kinematics and Kinetics Following a 10 km Run.

Mark Reinking1, Emily Hill1, Kathryn Marr1

  • 1School of Physical Therapy Regis University.

International Journal of Sports Physical Therapy
|October 5, 2023
PubMed
Summary

A 10 km run did not significantly alter running kinematics or kinetics in experienced runners. Ultra-runners demonstrated a higher cadence compared to recreational runners, but overall biomechanics remained similar between groups.

Keywords:
BiomechanicsInjury riskRunning

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Area of Science:

  • Biomechanics
  • Exercise Physiology
  • Sports Science

Background:

  • Understanding changes in running biomechanics after a 10 km run is crucial for injury prevention.
  • Limited research exists on the immediate kinematic and kinetic alterations following a standardized training distance.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of a 10 km run on running kinematics and kinetics in experienced runners.
  • To compare biomechanical responses between ultra-runners and recreational runners.

Main Methods:

  • Cross-sectional study involving 19 experienced runners (ultra-runners and recreational runners).
  • Collected kinematic (motion analysis) and kinetic (ground reaction forces) data pre- and post-10 km run.
  • Utilized instrumented treadmill, high-speed cameras, and force plates for data acquisition.

Main Results:

  • No significant or clinically relevant changes in kinematic or kinetic variables were observed after the 10 km run.
  • Ultra-runners exhibited a significantly higher running cadence compared to recreational runners (p=0.045).

Conclusions:

  • A 10 km run does not appear to alter key running kinematics and kinetics in experienced runners.
  • While cadence differs, ultra-runners and recreational runners display similar biomechanical profiles post-run.