Hydrogels: An overview of its classifications, properties, and applications

Area of Science:

• Materials Science
• Polymer Chemistry
• Biomedical Engineering

Background:

• Hydrogels are versatile polymeric networks with diverse applications.
• Traditional hydrogels face limitations in mechanical strength and degradation, especially bio-based variants.
• Advancements in synthesis and modification are crucial for expanding hydrogel utility.

Purpose of the Study:

• To provide a comprehensive review of hydrogel synthesis, classification, and properties.
• To focus on the preparation of superabsorbent hydrogels like semi-IPNs, IPNs, and BGCPs.
• To discuss methods for enhancing the properties of bio-based hydrogels for advanced applications.

Main Methods:

• Literature survey on various hydrogel synthesis techniques, including radiation methods.
• Classification of hydrogels based on origin, synthesis, cross-linking, and charge.
• Exploration of stimuli-responsive hydrogels (pH, temperature, light, etc.).

Main Results:

• Detailed summary of chemical structures, properties, and synthesis routes for various hydrogels.
• Emphasis on preparation strategies for semi-IPNs, IPNs, and BGCPs as superabsorbents.
• Identification of chemical and physical modification methods to improve hydrogel properties.

Conclusions:

• Hydrogels offer significant potential in controlled drug delivery, implants, and biomaterials.
• Enhancing bio-based hydrogels is key to overcoming limitations in biomedical applications.
• Further research into hydrogel applications in nano-biotechnology, tissue engineering, and agriculture is warranted.