Cannabinoid CB₂ receptor agonist reduces local and systemic inflammation associated with pneumonia-induced sepsis in...

Sepsis is a severe condition secondary to dysregulated host response to infection leading to tissue damage and organ dysfunction. Cannabinoid CB₂ receptor has modulatory effects on the immune response. Therefore, this study investigated the effects of a cannabinoid CB₂ receptor agonist on the local and systemic inflammatory process associated with pneumonia-induced sepsis. Pneumonia-induced sepsis was induced in mice by intratracheal inoculation of Klebsiella pneumoniae. Tissue and bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) were collected 6, 24, or 48 h after surgery. Mice were treated with CB₂ agonist (AM1241, 0.3 and 3 mg/kg, i.p.) and several parameters of inflammation were evaluated 24 h after sepsis induction. Polymorphonuclear cell migration to the infectious focus peaked 24 h after pneumonia-induced sepsis induction in male and female animals. Septic male mice presented a significant reduction of cannabinoid CB₂ receptor density in the lung tissue after 24 h, which was not observed in females. CB₂ expression in BAL macrophages was also reduced in septic animals. Treatment of septic mice with AM1241 reduced cell migration, local infection, myeloperoxidase activity, protein extravasation, and NOS-2 expression in the lungs. In addition, the treatment reduced plasma IL-1β, increased IL-10 and reduced the severity and mortality of septic animals. These results suggest that AM1241 promotes an interesting balance in the inflammatory response, maintaining lung function and preventing organ injury. Therefore, cannabinoid CB₂ receptors are potential targets to control the excessive inflammatory process that occurs in severe conditions, and agonists of these receptors can be considered promising adjuvants in pneumonia-induced sepsis treatment.