[Diabetes and obstructive sleep apnoea: A case-control study]

Area of Science:

• Endocrinology
• Sleep Medicine
• Cardiovascular Medicine

Background:

• Obstructive sleep apnoea (OSA) and diabetes mellitus (DM) are prevalent and often coexist.
• Their combined presence increases cardiovascular comorbidity risk.
• The association between OSA and DM/prediabetes (preDM) is frequently underdiagnosed.

Purpose of the Study:

• To investigate the association between OSA and DM/preDM.
• To identify independent predictors of DM and preDM in patients with OSA.

Main Methods:

• A randomized case-control study design was employed.
• Participants were matched for age, sex, and body mass index (BMI).
• Data collected included Epworth sleepiness scale scores, Apnoea-hypopnoea index (AHI), and oxygen desaturation indices.

Main Results:

• The prevalence of DM was significantly higher in OSA patients (18.8%) compared to controls (10.1%).
• Prediabetes prevalence was also significantly higher in the OSA group (41.8%) versus controls (10.6%).
• Excessive daytime sleepiness (EDS) was reported by 59.6% of OSA patients versus 24.5% of controls.

Conclusions:

• OSA is significantly associated with both DM and preDM.
• Independent predictors for DM in OSA patients include age, nocturnal hypoxemia, and EDS.
• BMI and AHI were identified as predictors for prediabetes in individuals with OSA.