Computed tomographic and bronchoscopic diagnosis of Oslerus osleri infection in a dog

A 16-month-old Sarplaninac Shepherd cross dog presented for a 1-month history of a productive cough that was unresponsive to an empirical 10-day course of cephalexin. Thoracic computed tomography (CT) showed multifocal, well-defined, smoothly marginated, soft tissue attenuating, minimally contrast enhancing nodular airway mural thickenings protruding into the airway lumen in the caudal trachea and principal bronchi. These nodules were also visualized on bronchoscopy, and cytology revealed parasitic larvae consistent with Oslerus osleri. The dog was treated with oral fenbendazole for 26 days. Clinical signs resolved within 3 weeks of treatment initiation and had not relapsed at 7-month follow-up.