Microphysiological Constructs and Systems: Biofabrication Tactics, Biomimetic Evaluation Approaches, and Biomedical...

Area of Science:

• Biotechnology
• Biomedical Engineering
• Drug Discovery

Background:

• Microphysiological constructs and systems (MPCs) and microphysiological systems (MPS) have advanced significantly, including organoids and organ-on-a-chip platforms.
• Innovations in biomaterials, bioinks, 3D bioprinting, micro/nanofabrication, and sensors drive diverse biofabrication strategies.
• MPCs and MPSs, especially tissue chips for ADMET, show promise as accurate, efficient, and cost-effective replacements for animal models in drug development and personalized medicine.

Purpose of the Study:

• To review recent advancements in microphysiological constructs and systems (MPCs) and microphysiological systems (MPS) and their applications.
• To discuss the challenges in assessing the reliability, quantifying techniques, and utilizing the fidelity of these models.

Main Methods:

• Review of recent literature on microphysiological constructs and systems (MPCs) and microphysiological systems (MPS).
• Analysis of advancements in biomaterials, bioinks, 3D bioprinting, micro/nanofabrication, and sensor technologies.
• Evaluation of applications in drug discovery, personalized medicine, and ADMET studies.

Main Results:

• Significant progress has been made in developing diverse MPCs and MPSs, including organoids and organ-on-a-chip platforms.
• These systems show potential as alternatives to animal models for drug discovery and personalized medicine.
• Current models primarily focus on in vitro recapitulation of anatomical structures and physiological indices at limited levels.

Conclusions:

• MPCs and MPSs represent a rapidly evolving field with substantial potential for pharmaceutical research.
• Addressing challenges in reliability, quantification, and fidelity is crucial for widespread adoption.
• Further research is needed to fully realize the capabilities of these advanced in vitro models for drug development and personalized medicine.