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Related Concept Videos

Mutations01:35

Mutations

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Mutations are changes in the sequence of DNA. These changes can occur spontaneously or they can be induced by exposure to environmental factors. Mutations can be characterized in a number of different ways: whether and how they alter the amino acid sequence of the protein, whether they occur over a small or large area of DNA, and whether they occur in somatic cells or germline cells.
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Orally administered drugs primarily enter the systemic circulation via passive diffusion through the intestinal membranes. The drug's absorption is influenced by drug stability in the gastrointestinal GI tract, membrane permeability, the surface area available for absorption, luminal drug concentration, and residence time in the lumen. Drug permeability can be enhanced by adjusting the lipophilicity, polarity, or molecular size of the drug, promoting its passive transport across intestinal...
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Sunscreens - another endangered species?

Paul J Matts1, J Frank Nash2

  • 1The Procter & Gamble Company, Reading, Berkshire, UK.

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Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Sunscreen protects against skin cancer and premature aging caused by solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR). This review defends UVR filter technology while exploring a future potentially without it.

Keywords:
UVUV filterUVRcancerphotoageingsunscreen

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Area of Science:

  • Dermatology
  • Photobiology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • Skin cancer incidence is rising globally, with premature aging also a concern.
  • Chronic exposure to solar ultraviolet radiation (UVR) is the primary driver of both conditions.
  • Sunscreen is crucial for preventing UVR-induced skin damage, but UVR filter technology faces future uncertainties.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the facts surrounding photoprotection and the role of sunscreens in preventing skin damage.
  • To compare and contrast current UVR filter technology with emerging questions and opinions.
  • To provide a defense of current UVR filter technology and consider alternatives.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of photoprotection, skin damage (acute and chronic), and UVR filter technology.
  • Analysis of current scientific evidence and emerging concerns regarding UVR filters.
  • Comparative assessment of existing sunscreen efficacy and potential future scenarios.

Main Results:

  • Sunscreen products are effective in preventing acute (sunburn) and chronic (skin cancer, photoaging) damage from UVR.
  • Current UVR filter technology is robust but faces challenges and scrutiny.
  • The review passionately defends the established technology while acknowledging the need to consider future possibilities.

Conclusions:

  • Sunscreen remains a vital tool for photoprotection against UVR-induced skin damage.
  • Further research and innovation in UVR filter technology are necessary.
  • A balanced perspective is needed to address concerns while ensuring continued protection.