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Related Concept Videos

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview01:20

Raman Spectroscopy: Overview

349
The underlying principle of Raman spectroscopy is based on the interaction between light and matter, specifically molecules' inelastic scattering of photons. When a monochromatic beam of light, typically from a laser source, interacts with a sample, most scattered light has the same frequency as the incident light. This is known as Rayleigh scattering.
However, a small fraction of the scattered light exhibits a frequency shift due to the exchange of energy between the incident photons and...
349
Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview01:26

Raman Spectroscopy Instrumentation: Overview

320
A conventional Raman spectrophotometer includes a laser source, a sample holding system, a wavelength selector, and a detector.
The monochromatic laser source, typically using visible or near-infrared radiation, generates a highly focused beam of light. This light interacts with the molecules of the sample, scattering some of the light. Liquid and gaseous samples are usually tested in ordinary glass capillaries, while solids can be analyzed as powders packed in capillaries or as potassium...
320
Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy01:16

Confocal Fluorescence Microscopy

13.1K
Confocal microscopy is an advanced microscopic technique. The prime advantage of the confocal microscope over other microscopy techniques is its ability to block the out-of-focus light from the illuminated samples using pinholes. It is widely used with fluorescence optics to obtain high-resolution, sharp contrast images. Unlike optical microscopes, confocal microscopes use a focused beam of light laser to scan the entire sample surface at different z-planes. These microscopes are, therefore,...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 17, 2025

Resolving Water, Proteins, and Lipids from In Vivo Confocal Raman Spectra of Stratum Corneum through a Chemometric Approach
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In vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy: The window into the skin.

J M Crowther1, P J Matts2

  • 1JMC Scientific Consulting Ltd, Egham, Surrey, UK.

International Journal of Cosmetic Science
|August 8, 2024
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

In vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy (ICRS) now measures molecular gradients in skin's stratum corneum (SC). This advancement, developed with Professor Tony Rawlings, validates ICRS for clinical skin analysis.

Keywords:
Raman spectroscopybiophysical methodsclaims supportformulationsin vivo testing

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Area of Science:

  • Biomedical Engineering
  • Dermatology
  • Spectroscopy

Background:

  • In vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy (ICRS) has advanced significantly over 20 years.
  • Measuring molecular concentration gradients in the stratum corneum (SC) was previously challenging.
  • Professor Tony Rawlings has been a key figure in SC research for over 30 years.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize the development of ICRS methodology.
  • To detail the interpretation of ICRS-acquired molecular gradients using skin biochemistry knowledge.
  • To validate ICRS for clinical skin measurements.

Main Methods:

  • Development of in vivo confocal Raman spectroscopy (ICRS) methodology.
  • Acquisition of molecular concentration gradients across the stratum corneum (SC) at the micron level.
  • Collaboration with skin biochemistry experts for data interpretation.

Main Results:

  • ICRS enables micron-level molecular gradient measurement in the SC.
  • Challenges in ICRS application were addressed through collaborative research.
  • The technique has been validated for clinical skin measurement.

Conclusions:

  • ICRS is a powerful tool for analyzing skin biochemistry.
  • The collaboration with Professor Rawlings was crucial for ICRS development and validation.
  • ICRS is ready for broader clinical application in skin analysis.