Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 23, 2026

A Thin-skull Window Technique for Chronic Two-photon In vivo Imaging of Murine Microglia in Models of Neuroinflammation
12:07

A Thin-skull Window Technique for Chronic Two-photon In vivo Imaging of Murine Microglia in Models of Neuroinflammation

Published on: September 19, 2010

23.8K

TIAM2S-positive microglia enhance inflammation and neurotoxicity through soluble ICAM-1-mediated immune priming

Chun-Hsien Chu1,2, Jia-Shing Chen3, Ya-Ling Chan4

  • 1Institute of Molecular Medicine, College of Medicine, National Cheng Kung University, Tainan, Taiwan.

FASEB Journal : Official Publication of the Federation of American Societies for Experimental Biology
|October 6, 2023
PubMed

Insights

TIAM2S protein in microglia drives brain inflammation and neuron damage. This subpopulation enhances neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity via soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1, contributing to brain injury.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Immunology
  • Oncology

Background:

  • TIAM Rac1-associated GEF 2 short form (TIAM2S) is an oncoprotein affecting peripheral immune cells.
  • The role of TIAM2S in microglial activation and brain neuroinflammation is currently unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the mechanism by which TIAM2S influences microglial immune properties.
  • To determine TIAM2S's role in shaping microglial immune priming and facilitating neuron damage.

Main Methods:

  • Western blots and double immunostaining in HMC3 cells and human brain samples.
  • TIAM2S transgenic mice and primary neuron-glial co-culture systems.
  • Cytokine array analysis and gain/loss-of-function experiments.

Main Results:

  • TIAM2S protein was detected in HMC3 cells and a subset of human microglia (TIAM2S-positive microglia).
  • TIAM2S-positive microglia promoted LPS-induced neuroinflammation and neural damage in vitro and in vivo.
  • Soluble intercellular adhesion molecule-1 (sICAM-1) was identified as a mediator in TIAM2S+ microglia-induced neurotoxic immune priming.

Conclusions:

  • A novel subpopulation of TIAM2S-positive microglia contributes to neuroinflammation and neurotoxicity.
  • TIAM2S-positive microglia enhance brain inflammation and neuron damage through sICAM-1-mediated immune priming.
Keywords:
TIAM2Simmune primingmicrogliasICAM-1

More Related Videos

Isolation of Cortical Microglia with Preserved Immunophenotype and Functionality From Murine Neonates09:12

Isolation of Cortical Microglia with Preserved Immunophenotype and Functionality From Murine Neonates

Published on: January 30, 2014

16.0K
Immunofluorescence Staining Using IBA1 and TMEM119 for Microglial Density, Morphology and Peripheral Myeloid Cell Infiltration Analysis in Mouse Brain10:40

Immunofluorescence Staining Using IBA1 and TMEM119 for Microglial Density, Morphology and Peripheral Myeloid Cell Infiltration Analysis in Mouse Brain

Published on: October 27, 2019

32.3K

Related Concept Videos

The Tumor Microenvironment02:17

The Tumor Microenvironment

Every normal cell or tissue is embedded in a complex local environment called stroma, consisting of different cell types, a basal membrane, and blood vessels. As normal cells mutate and develop into cancer cells, their local environment also changes to allow cancer progression. The tumor microenvironment (TME) consists of a complex cellular matrix of stromal cells and the developing tumor. The cross-talk between cancer cells and surrounding stromal cells is critical to disrupt normal tissue...
T Cell Types and Functions01:24

T Cell Types and Functions

When T cells with CD4 markers are activated, they give rise to two types of effector cells: helper T cells and regulatory T cells. Meanwhile, T cells with CD8 markers differentiate into effector cytotoxic T cells. The differentiation of CD4 T cells into helper T cell subsets, such as Th1, Th2, and Th17 cells, is dependent on the antigen type, antigen-presenting cell, and regulatory cytokines.
Th1 cells stimulate dendritic cells to express necessary co-stimulatory molecules on their surfaces for...
Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response01:27

Cytotoxic T Cells-mediated Immune Response

Cytotoxic T cells are a vital component of the immune system. They have the remarkable ability to identify and target antigens on infected or abnormal cells. These antigens often originate from intracellular pathogens such as viruses or abnormal proteins cancer cells produce.
Immunological surveillance is the ability of immune cells to monitor and eliminate infected cells with intracellular pathogens, neoplastically transformed cells, and cells with non-self antigens. Cytotoxic T cells and NK...
Tumor Immunotherapy01:27

Tumor Immunotherapy

Immunotherapy is a treatment that boosts or manipulates the immune system to fight diseases, including cancer. For instance, by stimulating an immune response through vaccinations against viruses that cause cancers, like hepatitis B virus and human papillomavirus, these diseases can be prevented. Nonetheless, some cancer cells can avoid the immune system due to their rapid mutation and division. The immune response to many cancers involves three phases: elimination, equilibrium, and escape.
Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology01:26

Type I Diabetes II: Pathophysiology

Type 1 diabetes mellitus arises from an immune-mediated destruction of pancreatic β-cells, resulting in an absolute deficiency of insulin. This process develops in genetically susceptible individuals when autoimmunity, environmental exposures, and immunologic dysregulation converge to trigger a targeted attack on the insulin-producing cells of the pancreas. The β-cells are located within the islets of Langerhans and are essential for regulating blood glucose by facilitating cellular uptake of...