Mechanistic Insight into the Defect-Engineered White Light Emission from the Single-Phase Orthovanadate Phosphor...

The synthesis of single-phase barium orthovanadate phosphors by a one-pot microwave-assisted hydrothermal approach has been reported, wherein the homogeneous thermal zone generated at the molecular level by microwave radiation gives rise to tunable distortion in the tetrahedral VO₄^-3 and oxygen vacancies, eventually enabling intrinsic white light emission with CIE of 0.31,0.38, high photoluminescence internal quantum efficiency of 35%, and external quantum efficiency of 28% whereas phosphor synthesized by the hydrothermal route exhibits only bluish-green emission (PLQE: 0.5%). The Rietveld refinement confirms the formation of a single trigonal phase having dissimilar V-O bond lengths and bond angles, implying the formation of a distorted phosphor under optimized conditions, and corroborates with Raman and Fourier transform infrared analyses. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy and electron paramagnetic resonance analysis reveal that the origin of white light emission is due to short- and long-range defects, in particular the oxygen vacancies, which eventually form an intermediate energy level in the forbidden region between the valence and conduction bands. Lifetime spectra show triexponential fitting, corresponding to two charge transfer blue and green emission bands (³T₂, ³T₁ to ¹A₁) and one oxygen vacancy-related red emission at RT. Furthermore, these phosphors are thermally stable, as no change in the structure or emission characteristics are observed. A prototype fabricated using a 365 nm chip exhibits white-light-emission CIE of 0.353,0.392, correlated color temperature of 4867 K, color rendering index of 85, and high luminous efficacy of 102 lm/W at 140 mA operating current, portentous for practical applications.