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Acetamide-Caprolactam Deep Eutectic Solvent-Based Electrolyte for Stable Zn-Metal Batteries.

Shihe Wang1, Ganxiong Liu1, Wang Wan1

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A novel deep eutectic co-solvent in aqueous zinc-ion batteries suppresses water reactivity, preventing dendrite formation and corrosion. This enhances battery stability and efficiency for grid-scale energy storage.

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Zn dendriteZn-ion batteriesdeep eutectic solventhydrogen evolution reactionsolvation structure

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Area of Science:

  • Electrochemistry
  • Materials Science
  • Energy Storage

Background:

  • Aqueous zinc-ion batteries (AZIBs) are promising for grid-scale energy storage but face challenges like hydrogen evolution and anode by-product formation.
  • These issues limit the electrochemical stability and lifespan of conventional AZIBs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To develop a novel electrolyte for AZIBs that suppresses water reactivity and improves anode performance.
  • To enhance the electrochemical voltage stability window and prevent zinc dendrite formation and corrosion.

Main Methods:

  • Reconstruction of hydrogen bonds in aqueous electrolytes using a deep eutectic co-solvent (DES) composed of acetamide and caprolactam.
  • Characterization of the solvation structure and its effect on zinc deposition.
  • Testing of zinc plating/stripping performance and long-term cycling stability in a Zn||VS2 full-cell.

Main Results:

  • The DES-based electrolyte effectively suppresses water reactivity, broadening the electrochemical voltage stability window.
  • A unique solvation structure promotes preferential (002) plane growth of zinc crystals, inhibiting dendrite formation and ensuring uniform deposition.
  • A protective membrane formed on the anode surface reduced zinc corrosion, leading to a Coulombic efficiency improvement from 78.18% to 98.37%.
  • The Zn||VS2 full-cell demonstrated enhanced stability with 85.4% capacity retention after 500 cycles.

Conclusions:

  • The developed DES-based electrolyte offers a promising solution for stable and efficient aqueous zinc-ion batteries.
  • This approach effectively addresses key challenges in AZIBs, paving the way for improved grid-scale energy storage applications.