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Related Concept Videos

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

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GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...
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Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

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Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
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Ligand-Gated Ion Channel Receptor: Gating Mechanism01:30

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Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that play a vital role in intercellular communication and functions of the nervous system. They allow the influx of ions across the membrane once the neurotransmitter binds, allowing the subsequent transmission of electrical excitation across the neurons. Other ligand-gated ion channels, like the γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA) receptor, permit anions like chloride into the cells on the binding of the GABA molecule. Their entry into the cell...
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Electrochemical Gradient and Channel Proteins: An Overview01:21

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An electrochemical gradient is a fundamental concept in biology and chemistry. It regulates the movement of ions across cell membranes. This movement is influenced by two factors:
The electrical gradient: The electrical gradient across cell membranes refers to the difference in electric charge between the inside and outside of a cell.  This difference drives the movement of ions towards or away from the cells. For instance, if the inside of the cell is more negatively charged relative to...
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Ligand-gated Ion Channels01:19

Ligand-gated Ion Channels

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Ligand-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins with a channel for ions to pass through and a binding site for a ligand. The channel opens only when a ligand attaches to the binding site.
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Ligand-gated ion channels fall into three subfamilies. The 'Cys-loop' includes the nicotinic acetylcholine receptors, γ-aminobutyric acid (GABA), glycine, and 5-hydroxytryptamine receptors. The second one is the 'Pore-loop' channels that...
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ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview01:27

ATP Driven Pumps I: An Overview

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ATP-driven pumps, also known as transport ATPases, are integral membrane proteins. They have binding sites for ATP located on the membrane's cytosolic side and the ion-conducting domain in the transmembrane region. These pumps use the free energy released from ATP hydrolysis to move the solutes across cell membranes against an electrochemical gradient.
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2025

Multifunctional, Micropipette-based Method for Incorporation And Stimulation of Bacterial Mechanosensitive Ion Channels in Droplet Interface Bilayers
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Multifunctional, Micropipette-based Method for Incorporation And Stimulation of Bacterial Mechanosensitive Ion Channels in Droplet Interface Bilayers

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STING channels its proton power.

Mingqi Dong1, Katherine A Fitzgerald1

  • 1Division of Innate Immunity, Department of Medicine, University of Massachusetts Chan Medical School, Worcester, MA 01605, USA.

Molecular Cell
|October 6, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

The STING pathway is crucial for innate immunity, triggering type I interferon. Researchers found STING forms a channel that moves protons from the Golgi, activating autophagy and inflammasome responses.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Cell Biology
  • Molecular Biology

Background:

  • The stimulator of interferon genes (STING) pathway is essential for innate immune responses, primarily through type I interferon induction.
  • STING activation also influences non-canonical autophagy and inflammasome activation, but the precise molecular mechanisms are not fully understood.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanism by which STING regulates non-canonical autophagy and inflammasome activation.
  • To identify the molecular function of STING in driving these downstream immune responses.

Main Methods:

  • Investigated the interaction of STING with cellular compartments.
  • Utilized biochemical assays and microscopy to track STING localization and function.
  • Analyzed proton efflux and its impact on autophagy and inflammasome pathways.

Main Results:

  • STING forms a functional ion channel.
  • This channel facilitates the efflux of protons from the Golgi apparatus.
  • Proton efflux mediated by the STING channel is critical for activating non-canonical autophagy and inflammasome signaling.

Conclusions:

  • STING functions as a proton channel, linking Golgi-localized STING to downstream immune signaling.
  • This discovery provides a novel mechanistic insight into how STING orchestrates innate immunity beyond interferon production.