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Related Concept Videos

Infertility in Females01:28

Infertility in Females

335
Female infertility is defined as the inability to conceive after a year of regular, unprotected intercourse and affects about 10–15% of couples worldwide. The primary cause of female infertility is ovulatory disorders, which hinder the release of eggs. These disorders can be classified as hypothalamic amenorrhea, polycystic ovarian syndrome (PCOS), premature ovarian failure, and hyperprolactinemic anovulation disorders.
Endometriosis, a condition characterized by abnormal growth of...
335
Infertility in Males01:23

Infertility in Males

282
Male infertility affects millions of couples worldwide, arising from various factors that impact different stages of the reproductive process. An endocrine imbalance resulting from conditions like hypogonadism, Klinefelter syndrome, or pituitary disorders can disrupt hormone levels and reduce sperm production. Testicular defects, such as tumors, cryptorchidism, atrophic testes, abnormal sperm morphology, and low sperm count or motility, may arise due to genetic factors, structural...
282
In Vitro Fertilization01:24

In Vitro Fertilization

322
In vitro fertilization (IVF) is a form of assisted reproductive technology where an egg is fertilized with sperm in a controlled laboratory environment before transferring the resulting embryo into the uterus. This process is designed to help individuals and couples experiencing difficulties conceiving.
The IVF process begins with ovarian stimulation, during which reproductive endocrinologists prescribe hormonal medications to stimulate the ovaries to produce multiple eggs instead of the single...
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Reproductive Cloning01:27

Reproductive Cloning

30.4K
Reproductive cloning is the process of producing a genetically identical copy—a clone—of an entire organism. While clones can be produced by splitting an early embryo—similar to what happens naturally with identical twins—cloning of adult animals is usually done by a process called somatic cell nuclear transfer (SCNT).
Somatic Cell Nuclear Transfer
In SCNT, an egg cell is taken from an animal and its nucleus is removed, creating an enucleated egg. Then a somatic...
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Fertilization01:38

Fertilization

71.1K
During fertilization, an egg and sperm cell fuse to create a new diploid structure. In humans, the process occurs once the egg has been released from the ovary, and travels into the fallopian tubes. The process requires several key steps: 1) sperm present in the genital tract must locate the egg; 2) once there, sperm need to release enzymes to help them burrow through the protective zona pellucida of the egg; and 3) the membranes of a single sperm cell and egg must fuse, with the sperm...
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Meiosis II01:57

Meiosis II

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Meiosis II is the second and final stage of meiosis. It relies on the haploid cells produced during meiosis I, each of which contain only 23 chromosomes—one from each homologous initial pair. Importantly, each chromosome in these cells is composed of two joined copies, and when these cells enter meiosis II, the goal is to separate such sister chromatids using the same microtubule-based network employed in other division processes. The result of meiosis II is two haploid cells, each...
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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 14, 2025

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction
12:03

Fertility Preservation in Patients with Severe Ovarian Dysfunction

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FIGO statement: Fertility preservation.

Laurie Henry1, Jonathan S Berek2, Ivonne Diaz3

  • 1ART Center of the Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, CHU of Liège-Citadelle Site, University of Liège, Liège, Belgium.

International Journal of Gynaecology and Obstetrics: the Official Organ of the International Federation of Gynaecology and Obstetrics
|October 9, 2023
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Fertility preservation is crucial for patients undergoing treatments impacting reproductive health. Options like cryopreservation of sperm, oocytes, or gonadal tissue should be discussed when fertility risks are high.

Keywords:
femalefertility preservationmaleoocytesovarian tissuespermtesticular tissue

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Fertility Preservation Through Oocyte Vitrification: Clinical and Laboratory Perspectives
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Area of Science:

  • Reproductive Medicine
  • Oncology
  • Endocrinology

Background:

  • Fertility preservation is increasingly important due to gonadotoxic treatments for various conditions.
  • Discussions about fertility preservation are essential for patients facing cancer, benign diseases, or gender-affirming care.
  • Minimizing adverse effects on fertility during treatment is a key consideration.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To highlight the significance of fertility preservation in reproductive medicine.
  • To underscore the ethical considerations surrounding fertility preservation.
  • To advocate for a multidisciplinary approach in managing fertility preservation.

Main Methods:

  • Review of current practices in fertility preservation.
  • Discussion of ethical implications and patient counseling.
  • Emphasis on cryopreservation techniques for gametes and gonadal tissue.

Main Results:

  • Fertility preservation must be offered to patients at risk of infertility due to medical treatments.
  • Sperm, oocytes, and gonadal tissue can be successfully cryopreserved for long-term storage.
  • Alternative treatments with lower fertility impact should be considered when feasible.

Conclusions:

  • Fertility preservation is a vital component of patient care, especially for those undergoing gonadotoxic therapies.
  • A specialized, multidisciplinary approach is essential for effective fertility preservation.
  • Cryopreservation offers a viable solution for maintaining reproductive potential.