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Updated: Jul 14, 2025

Resin-Assisted Capture Coupled with Isobaric Tandem Mass Tag Labeling for Multiplexed Quantification of Protein Thiol Oxidation
Published on: June 21, 2021
The interaction between NLRP1 and oxidized TRX1 involves a transient disulfide bond
The NLRP1 inflammasome receptor selectively binds oxidized thioredoxin-1 (TRX1) by forming a disulfide bond. This interaction reveals how NLRP1 senses cellular redox states to regulate innate immunity and pyroptosis.
Area of Science:
- Innate immunity
- Molecular biology
- Cellular signaling
Background:
- NLRP1 is an innate immune receptor that triggers pyroptosis via inflammasome assembly in response to pathogen signals.
- Previous studies showed oxidized thioredoxin-1 (TRX1) inhibits NLRP1 inflammasome formation, but the binding mechanism was unknown.
Approach:
- Utilized AlphaFold-Multimer for structural prediction.
- Employed site-directed mutagenesis to identify key residues.
- Conducted thiol-trapping experiments and mass spectrometry to confirm molecular interactions.
Key Points:
- Identified a specific cysteine residue (C427 in humans) on NLRP1.
- Demonstrated that this cysteine forms a transient disulfide bond with oxidized TRX1.
- Established the molecular basis for NLRP1's selective binding to oxidized TRX1.
Conclusions:
- NLRP1 actively monitors the cellular redox state through direct interaction with TRX1.
- This mechanism links intracellular redox potential to innate immune system regulation.
- Provides insights into the control of pyroptosis and inflammatory responses.
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