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Magnetic Resonance Imaging01:24

Magnetic Resonance Imaging

Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) is a noninvasive medical imaging technique based on a phenomenon of nuclear physics discovered in the 1930s, in which matter exposed to magnetic fields and radio waves was found to emit radio signals. In 1970, a physician and researcher named Raymond Damadian noticed that malignant (cancerous) tissue gave off different signals than normal body tissue. He applied for a patent for the first MRI scanning device in clinical use by the early 1980s. The early MRI...

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Microstructure-Informed Myelin Mapping (MIMM) from Gradient Echo MRI using Stochastic Matching Pursuit.

Mert Şişman, Thanh D Nguyen, Alexandra G Roberts

    Medrxiv : the Preprint Server for Health Sciences
    |October 9, 2023
    PubMed
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    A new MRI technique, Microstructure-Informed Myelin Mapping (MIMM), accurately quantifies myelin volume fraction (MVF) in white matter. This method aids in studying neurodegenerative diseases like Multiple Sclerosis (MS) and monitoring disease progression.

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    Area of Science:

    • Neuroimaging
    • Biophysics
    • Medical Physics

    Background:

    • Accurate quantification of white matter myelin volume fraction (MVF) is crucial for understanding neurodegenerative diseases like Multiple Sclerosis (MS).
    • Existing methods for myelin quantification often lack noninvasiveness or precision, hindering longitudinal studies.
    • Developing advanced Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) techniques is essential for improved diagnostic and monitoring capabilities.

    Approach:

    • A novel noninvasive MRI method, Microstructure-Informed Myelin Mapping (MIMM), was developed to quantify MVF.
    • MIMM utilizes a multi gradient echo sequence (mGRE) and a detailed biophysical model incorporating myelin and iron susceptibility effects.
    • A dictionary of simulated MR signals and susceptibility values was created and matched to measured MRI data for voxel-wise quantification.

    Key Points:

    • MIMM models myelin as an anisotropic susceptibility source and iron as an isotropic source, capturing microstructural details.
    • Three MIMM variations were tested, considering different approaches to fiber orientation, including DTI-informed and atlas-based methods.
    • All MIMM variations demonstrated significant linear correlation with T2-relaxometry (p < 0.0001), with orientation-informed versions showing reduced overestimation in white matter tracts.

    Conclusions:

    • MIMM provides a robust method for quantifying MVF and iron distribution noninvasively.
    • Orientation-informed MIMM versions improve accuracy in major white matter tracts by accounting for fiber orientation.
    • The acquired myelin and iron maps hold significant potential for longitudinal monitoring of neurodegenerative diseases.