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Updated: Jul 14, 2025

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Nasal Wipes for Influenza A Virus Detection and Isolation from Swine
Published on: December 4, 2015
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Avian influenza overview June-September 2023
EFSA Journal. European Food Safety Authority
|October 9, 2023
Summary
Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) outbreaks surged in European wild birds in 2023, surpassing previous years. Human infections remain rare, with low risk to the general population but moderate risk to exposed individuals.
Area of Science:
- Veterinary Virology
- Epidemiology
- Wildlife Health
Background:
- Highly pathogenic avian influenza (HPAI) A(H5) outbreaks have been reported across Europe in domestic and wild birds.
- The current epidemic in wild birds has surpassed the previous year's total detections.
Purpose of the Study:
- To report on the HPAI A(H5) situation in Europe between June and September 2023.
- To assess the risk of avian influenza virus infection in humans.
Main Methods:
- Surveillance data collection on HPAI A(H5) outbreaks in birds and mammals.
- Analysis of virus detections in various animal populations and reported human cases.
Main Results:
- Over 500 HPAI A(H5) outbreaks occurred in wild birds, primarily along coastlines, and 25 in domestic birds across 21 European countries.
- HPAI A(H5N1) was detected in Finnish fur farms, affecting mink and foxes, likely introduced by gulls.
- Limited human cases of avian influenza were reported globally, with no infections linked to Finnish fur farms or Polish cats.
Conclusions:
- The risk of HPAI A(H5) infection for the general EU/EEA population is low.
- A low to moderate risk exists for individuals with occupational or direct exposure to infected birds or mammals.
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