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Related Concept Videos

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling01:16

Calmodulin-dependent Signaling

Calmodulin (CaM) is a calcium-binding protein in eukaryotes that controls various calcium-regulated cellular processes. It has four calcium-binding sites that bind calcium to form the calcium-calmodulin ( Ca2+-CaM) complex. GPCR stimulation increases the calcium levels in the cells that bind to CaM and induces a conformational change.
The Ca2+-CaM complex does not have enzymatic activity by itself. Instead, the complex binds downstream target proteins, including membrane proteins or enzymes,...
Fibronectins Connect Cells with ECM01:25

Fibronectins Connect Cells with ECM

Fibronectin is an adhesive glycoprotein present in the extracellular matrix of embryogenic and adult tissue. These molecules primarily aid in regulating cell motility and attachment. A fibronectin molecule is composed of two identical polypeptide chains attached to each other by a pair of disulfide bonds at the C-terminal.
Both proteoglycans and collagen are attached to fibronectin proteins, which, in turn, are attached to integrin proteins. These integrin proteins interact with transmembrane...
Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions01:17

Intracellular Signaling Affects Focal Adhesions

Integrins act both as extracellular input receivers and as intracellular processing activators. As their name suggests, integrins are entirely integrated into the membrane structure. Their hydrophobic membrane-spanning regions interact with the phospholipid bilayer's hydrophobic region. These membrane receptors provide extracellular attachment sites for effectors like hormones and growth factors. They activate intracellular response cascades when their effectors are bound and active.
Some...
Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules01:31

Immunoglobulin-like Cell Adhesion Molecules

Immunoglobulin-like cell adhesion molecules or Ig-CAMs are a versatile group of cell surface glycoproteins belonging to the immunoglobulin protein superfamily. Ig-CAMs possess the characteristic immunoglobulin protein domains and other domains such as the fibronectin type III domain. The Ig domains are glycosylated to varying degrees in different Ig-CAMs.
Ig-CAMs exhibit either homophilic binding (to other Ig-CAMs) or heterophilic binding (to other ligands such as integrins). While most Ig-CAMs...
Liver Regeneration01:24

Liver Regeneration

The liver is an important organ in vertebrates that plays an essential role in metabolism. It is also responsible for storing and redistributing nutrients such as carbohydrates, fats, and vitamins in the body. Additionally, the liver releases bile salts which are critical for digesting food and eliminating toxic metabolites from the body.
Cells of Liver
The liver comprises four major types of cells— hepatocytes, stellate, Kupffer, and sinusoidal endothelial cells. The hepatocytes are large...
Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology01:24

Cirrhosis II: Pathophysiology

Cirrhosis is a progressive chronic liver injury caused by prolonged inflammation, excessive fibrotic remodeling, and impaired regeneration. Over time, repeated hepatic insults disrupt the liver’s architecture and function, leading to reduced blood flow, impaired bile drainage, and diminished metabolic capacity.Pathophysiology of cirrhosisCirrhosis arises from three main responses to chronic liver damage: inflammation, immune activation, and hepatocyte death. These processes lead to structural...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: May 13, 2026

Pull-down of Calmodulin-binding Proteins
07:51

Pull-down of Calmodulin-binding Proteins

Published on: January 23, 2012

Calmodulin may decrease cell surface sialic acid and be involved in the expression of fibronectin during liver

M J Coll, J Serratosa, O Bachs

    FEBS Letters
    |November 24, 1986
    PubMed
    Summary
    This summary is machine-generated.

    Liver regeneration involves cell surface changes. Calmodulin regulates sialic acid decrease and fibronectin expression during this process, impacting cell communication.

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    Area of Science:

    • Cell Biology
    • Biochemistry
    • Hepatology

    Background:

    • Liver regeneration involves dynamic changes in cell surface glycoproteins.
    • Sialic acid levels and fibronectin expression are altered during liver regeneration.
    • Calmodulin, a key calcium-binding protein, plays a role in cellular signaling.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To investigate the correlation between cell surface events and intracellular calmodulin surge during liver regeneration.
    • To elucidate the role of calmodulin in regulating sialic acid decrease in plasma membrane glycoproteins.
    • To examine the involvement of calmodulin in the cell surface expression of fibronectin.

    Main Methods:

    • Studied changes in sialic acid and fibronectin during the pre-replicative phase of liver regeneration.
    • Assessed the effect of calmodulin on UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 2'-epimerase activity.
    • Utilized trifluoperazine, a calmodulin inhibitor, and Western blotting for fibronectin analysis.

    Main Results:

    • Membrane desialylation during liver regeneration is a calmodulin-dependent process.
    • Calmodulin decreases the activity of UDP-N-acetyl-D-glucosamine 2'-epimerase, a key enzyme in sialic acid biosynthesis.
    • Calmodulin appears to be involved in the surface expression of fibronectin in regenerating hepatocytes.

    Conclusions:

    • Calmodulin plays a crucial role in regulating cell surface modifications during liver regeneration.
    • The findings suggest a coordinated regulation of glycoprotein desialylation and fibronectin expression by calmodulin.
    • These cell-surface events are critical for hepatocyte proliferation and tissue repair.