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The chorioallantoic membrane in irritation testing.

R S Lawrence, M H Groom, D M Ackroyd

    Food and Chemical Toxicology : an International Journal Published for the British Industrial Biological Research Association
    |June 1, 1986
    PubMed
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    The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) assay is not a reliable predictor of chemical eye irritancy. This study found poor correlation between CAM responses and in vivo data for most tested chemicals.

    Area of Science:

    • Ophthalmology
    • Toxicology
    • Developmental Biology

    Background:

    • The Draize eye test is a standard method for assessing chemical irritancy.
    • Alternative methods are needed to reduce animal testing.
    • The chorioallantoic membrane (CAM) of chick embryos has been proposed as a potential alternative model.

    Purpose of the Study:

    • To evaluate the efficacy of the CAM assay in predicting the in vivo irritant potential of chemicals for the conjunctiva.
    • To compare CAM assay results with established in vivo data from the Draize eye test.

    Main Methods:

    • Nine chemicals with known in vivo eye irritancy were tested at four concentrations on the CAM.
    • Macroscopic and histological examinations were performed at 4, 24, and 48 hours post-treatment.

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  • Dose-response relationships were analyzed.

    • Main Results:

    • A dose-response was observed for all tested chemicals.
    • The CAM assay accurately predicted in vivo irritancy for only four out of nine chemicals.
    • Three non-irritant chemicals showed embryotoxicity in the CAM assay.
    • Histological findings included degeneration and necrosis, but lacked characteristic inflammatory cell infiltration.

    Conclusions:

    • The CAM assay is not a suitable model for predicting conjunctival irritancy due to poor correlation with in vivo data.
    • The CAM assay provides no significant advantage over established cell culture methods for assessing chemical irritancy.
    • Further research into alternative testing methods is warranted.